CAKP. 
729 
In Sweden the Carp-fishery is of little importance, 
the occurrence of this fish in a natural state and in 
any quantity being confined to a few lakes in Scania 
— Vombsjon and Ringsjon, according to Nilsson — 
with the streams that feed and drain them. The Carp 
is taken with the tackle ordinarily employed in fresh- 
water fishing, but principally in different kinds of traps. 
It is generally too cunning for the net and seine, avoid- 
ing the former and swimming under or leaping over 
the latter — a ruse which even the ancient Greeks and 
Romans knew it to practise. Sometimes it is caught 
with rod and line or on nightlines, a. method of fishing 
extensively employed in France both as an amusement 
and a source of profit. The bait consists of lobworms, 
a piece of old Gruyere, or a bit of dough kneaded with 
a little honey. The hook must be allowed to sink to 
the bottom, and the bait should not be too large, for 
the Carp must gulp it down at once — if it begins to 
nibble at the bait and feels the hook, it cautiously spits 
out both of them. The angler may choose a spot quite 
near land, for the Carp resorts freely to the shore for 
food, and may be enticed thither without difficulty by 
now and then throwing some breadcrumbs into the 
water. The best time for angling is the evening. 
Large, or at least middle-sized Carp, 3 — 5 kgm. 
in weight, are good eating when well cooked, especially 
when boiled in wine or stewed with spices. It was 
therefore quite natural that, even in olden times, at- 
tempts should be made to utilise this fish in the most 
convenient and most profitable manner. Hence the 
origin of the cultivation of the Carp, an industry which 
has made great strides in some countries, especially in 
Germany and Austria, and which even in Sweden has 
been carried on with success. In his Skanska JResa 
LiNNiEUS described the condition of this industry in 
Scania in 1749, and his opinion was that “the ground 
occupied by a fishpond is far more valuable to its pos- 
sessor than the finest tilth” (p. 378). In an academical 
thesis (Lund, 1766) Cederlof has left us some econo- 
mic remarks on the Scanian Carp-poncls. But this in- 
terest flagged, and it was not until the present day 
that the cultivation of the Carp was resumed as an 
industry. This has been done by the instrumentality 
of Mr. Wendt, a German landowner who removed 
to Sweden, and in 1879, at Gustafsborg near Perstorp, 
a railway station in the District of Christianstad, con- 
structed a Carp-breeding establishment. In 1883 he sold 
30,000 Swedish pounds (12,752 kgm.) of fish, and in 
1884 half as much again (19,128 kgm.), most of this 
quantity being exported to Germany". At Langbans- 
hytta in Wermland another establishment for the breed- 
ing of Carp has lately been opened \ 
These Carp-ponds are dug, or still better — if their 
site admits of this — formed by damming, beside a 
river or brook. They should be some feet deep and 
at least two in number, so constructed that one or 
more of them may be emptied at the same time and 
thoroughly drained. In a complete establishment the 
ponds must be of two kinds, breeding-ponds (Germ. 
Streichteicke, where the Carp may spawn, sick streichen ) 
and growing-ponds (Germ. Streckteicke , where the Carp 
may grow, sicli strecken , from the beginning of the se- 
cond year). In some places a third kind of pond may 
be seen, the stew (Germ. Fetteich, Setzteich, Abwaclis- 
teick, Kammerteick), where the Carp that have reached 
the age of three years or more, are kept ready for use 
or sale. The size of the ponds depends on circum- 
stances; but the breeding-ponds, which may be most 
reduced in size, should measure at least 10 — 12 
ares (about 1 rood), and to each are 5 females and 3 
males may be allowed. These ponds, in which the fish 
are to spawn, must also contain a shallow part, where 
the water may be heated by the sun, as early in the 
year as possible, to a temperature of about +17° or 
+ 18° C. (about 63° Fahr.), for at a lower temperature 
the Carp will not readily spawn. The growing-ponds 
as well as the stews, on the other hand, must contain 
a deeper part, at least about 5 ft. in depth, where the 
Carp may assemble in winter without danger of the 
bottom freezing. The entrance and outlet must of 
course be constructed, in the first place, so as to avoid 
the possibility of inundation; and precautions should 
be taken by means of suitable filters to prevent the 
Carp from escaping and to keep out other fishes and 
noxious animals. One or two Pike, to cut off the 
weaklings and to keep the older Carp in active motion, 
do no harm in the ponds, for the survivors thrive and 
grow all the better for their company; and Perch and 
° See Trybom, Om karpodling i alhnunhet och sarskildt om den vid Gustafsborg i Kristianstads Ian , Landtbruks-Akademiens Hand- 
lingar och Tidskrift for ar 1885. 
b See Lilleborg, So., Norg. Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 794. When this sheet was in the press, the second number of the ‘tivensk Fiskeri- 
TidskrifC appeared, containing a paper by Ii. V. Tiberg on the cultivation of the Carp at Langbanshytta. 
