732 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
wasserf. Oestr. Mon., p. 64; Sieb., Silsswasserf. Mitteleur., 
p. 91. 
Cyprinus striatus, Holandre, Fn. d. 1 . Moselle, p. 242. 
Carpio Sieboldii , Jackel, Fish. Bay., Abh. zool. mineral. Ver. 
Regensburg, vol. 9 (1864), II, p. 21. 
Carasso- Cyprinus vulgo-Carpio , Fatio, Fn. Vert. Suisse, vol. 
IV, part. I, p. 198. 
Carpio Kollarii (Sw. Karprudan ) in its Swedish 
forms is even externally an intermediate type between 
the Carp and the Crucian Carp. The depth of the body 
is greater, and the base of the dorsal fin is shorter 
than in the Carp, both measuring on an average 1 / 3 
(31 — 34 %) of the length of the body. The changes 
of growth and the individual variations both in the 
Carp and the Crucian Carp, however, render these 
characters of little constancy, though they are generally 
sufficient to enable us to recognise a Carpio Kollarii. 
The same may be said of the texture of the scales, 
which in this hybrid usually show more distinct and 
more regular radiating grooves on the anterior (covered) 
part of the scale and notches in the anterior margin 
thereof. The most important expression of the hybrid 
nature of Carpio Kollarii is afforded by the form of 
the pharyngeal teeth and the inconstancy of their num- 
ber, which is often different even on the right and left 
pharyngeals. 
The first Swede to describe Carpio Kollarii as an 
actual hybrid between the Carp and the Crucian Carp, 
was Schagerstrom (in the “Physiografiska Sallskapets 
Tidskrift” 1838, p. 295), and Lilljeborg has subsequently 
described (in Sveriges oclt Norges Fiskar, vol. Ill, p. 
137) at greater length one of the specimens on which 
Schagerstrom based his opinion, and which were taken 
in a Carp-pond /on the manor of Krapperup in Scania. 
This specimen was 3 dm. long. Baron G. C. Ceder- 
strom found this hybrid to be plentiful among the 
Carp and Crucian Carp in a pond at Rydgard. The 
largest of the specimens he presented to the Royal 
Museum from this locality, has served as the original 
of the figure given above in the natural size. 
That Carpio Kollarii is really a hybrid, has been 
proved by the experiments of Hessel. “In order to 
determine this question,” he writes 0 , “I myself managed 
to bring about such crosses by placing (1) female com- 
mon carp with male crucian carp, and (2) female cru- 
cian carp with male common carp, in small tanks, 
constructed with this end in view; (3) I also put to- 
gether female Carpio kollarii with male common carp; 
this for the sole purpose of testing the capability of 
propagation of the C. kollarii, which had been doubted. 
In the two former cases I obtained forms analogous to 
Carpio kollarii, sometimes approaching in appearance 
the true carp, at others the crucian carp. In the third 
case, however, having placed ripe Carpio kollarii to- 
gether with Cyprinus carpio, I obtained a product with 
difficulty to be distinguished from the genuine Carp. 
I took the trouble to feed them for three years, in 
order to try their fitness for the table, but their flesh 
was exceedingly poor and very bony and could not be 
compared by any means to that of the common carp.” 
Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries 1875 — 76, p. 868. 
