CHUB. 
769 
Hand-nets {hdf) are also used, between two weirs or 
dams built across the stream. The upper weir is kept 
shut, the lower being opened at intervals, until the 
fisherman sees that a sufficient number of fish have 
passed, when it is suddenly closed, and the fish are 
netted. The Ide is also taken in gill-nets, which are 
set in spring along its route to the spawning-place, 
and in autumn in shallow coves. They are seldom 
used in summer; but when this is done, they are shot 
in deep water off stony and shady shores. At these 
latter places the Ide is caught throughout the summer 
with the ‘sinking rod' (sdnkspo). The hook is baited 
with grasshoppers, the shelled tails of crayfish, worms, 
and, above all, beetles, the legs and wing-cases being 
first removed. The seine is employed, especially during 
spring, in shallow inlets near the spawning-place. In 
summer the Ide is seldom taken in the seine, and then 
by accident: it usually steals out of the sweep of the 
seine, and if no other course be open to it, turns on 
its side close to the bottom and lets the net pass over 
it. The use of the ice-seine ( eckel-not ) is confined to the 
island-belt, late in autumn, as soon as the ice on the 
shallow, innermost coves is strong enough to bear the 
fisherman’s weight. This net is hauled close in shore, 
in very shallow water, where the Ide assemble before 
withdrawing to their winter-quarters in the depths. 
The Ide may also be speared by torchlight on dark 
and calm evenings in autumn. As it never keeps still, 
always moving about, considerable skill and practice 
are required to strike the fish. It is seldom and only 
by chance that the Ide is caught on pole lines (stdng- 
krok) baited with small fish. 
(Ekstrom, Smitt.) 
THE CHUB (sw. FARNAN OR HARNACIvAN)- 
LEUCISCUS CEPHALUS. 
Plate XXXII, fig. 3. 
Scales in the lateral line about 45 (44 — 46°). Branched rays in the dorsal fin 8 b . Least depth of the peduncle 
of the tail more than 43 % (47 %) of its length at the middle , or about equal to the length of the base of the 
dorsal fin. Outer (lower posterior ) margin of the anal fin convex. Pharyngeal teeth hooked at the tip , with sharp 
or worn , not very marked , and more or less distinctly granulated masticatory surface: 2 , 5 — 5, 2. 
Fig. 191. Pharyngeal bones and pharyngeal cartilage of Leuciscus cephalus , natural size, «, b, and c as in the preceding figure; 
d, the hindmost tooth seen from in front. 
R. br. 3; D. : A. — - ; P. 1 —~ V. J: C. *+1 + 17 + 1+*; L. lat. 44—46°; L. tr. - 1; Vert. 43G 
(7)8 8—9° 14 — \b d 8 e 3—4 
a 42 — 46, according to Gunther. 
43 — 48, ,, ,, Day. 
39 — 45, ,, „ Steindachner. 
b In exceptional cases 7. 
c ,, ,, ,, 7, according to Heckel, see Kroyer. 
d Sometimes 16, according to EkstrSm and Kroyer. 
e In exceptional cases 10. 
f 42, according to Kroyer; 43 — 45, according to Fatio. 
