ROACH. 
773 
in slowly running water. Here the eggs attach them- 
selves to the gravel and stones. According to Benecke 
each female deposits about 100,000 ova. In a Chub 
weighing 3 lbs. Bloch found 67,600 yellowish eggs of 
the size of poppy seed. 
Till the month of October the Chub stays in the 
rivers, and then returns to its winter-quarters. 
In Norrkoping River the Chub was taken, according 
to the authorities cited above, in strong nets stretched 
across the stream and in traps. As a rule, however, 
this fish is caught by angling, the bait consisting of 
a worm, the shelled tail of a crayfish, a fly, a cater- 
pillar, a bit of cheese, or, we may almost say, any 
eatable substance, for the Chub is not hard to please, 
though the sight of the rod, the line, or the angler 
frightens it away in a moment". The best time of day 
is the morning or evening, and in the lakes the fisher- 
man should choose a stony bottom, in the rivers a 
rapid part or race. 
The flesh of the Chub, though palatable and 
not unlike that of the ‘Asp’ ( Aspius rapax), contains 
numerous loose bones, and is therefore not much 
esteemed. 
(Ekstrom, Smitt.) 
THE ROACH (sw. morten). 
LEUCISCUS RUTILUS. 
Plate XXXIII, fig. 1. 
Scales in the lateral line about 43 {40 — 46). Branched rays in the dorsal fin 9 — 11. Least depth of the pe- 
duncle of the tail more than 43 % of its length at the middle , but much less than the length of the base of the 
dorsal fin. Outer margin of the anal fin concave. Pharyngeal teeth hooked at the tip or blunt , with smooth 
masticatory surface , very faintly granulated , slightly pectinated , or worn into a single deep groove; 
set in one row: 6(5 ) — (5)6. 
a b 
Fig. 192. Pharyngeal bones and pharyngeal cartilage of Leuciscus rutilus , natural size, a, b, and c as in the preceding figure. 
R. hr. 3; 
3 
10*— 11 ’ 
P. 
14 — 17 
V. 
2 
8 ’ 
C. x + 1 4- 17 + 1 + x; 
Vert. 40 c — 42. 
L. lat. (40)43—46; 
L. 
tr . 
8(7) 
4(3) ’ 
Syn. Leuciscus , Rondel., De Pise ., part. II, p. 131. Rutilus sive 
Rubellus fluviatilis, Gesn., Hist. Anim ., lib. IV, p. 820. 
Uyprinus iride, pinnis ventralibus ac ani plerumque rubenti- 
bus, Art., Ichtliyolog ., Gen. Pise., p. 3; Syn. Pise., p. 10; 
Descr. Spec. Pise., p. 10; Cyprinus pinnae ani radiis duo- 
decim rubicundis, Lin. Fn. Suec., ed. I, p. 124. 
Cyprinus Rutilus, Lin., Syst. IVat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 324; 
Odmann, Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1782, p. 163; Bl., Fiscli., 
Deutschl., part. I, p. 32, tab. 2; Retz., Fn. Suec., Lin., 
p. 357; Pall., Zooyr. Ross. Asiat., tom. Ill, p. 317; Flmng 
( Leuciscus ), Brit. Anim., p. 188; Ekstr. {Cyprinus), Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. 1830, p. 153; Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., 
p. 27 ; Agass. ( Leuciscus ndilus + L. prasinus + L. de- 
cipiens), Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch., tom. I, p. 38; Ekstr., 
v. Wr. {Cyprinus), Sleand. Fisk., ed. 1, p. 72, tab. 15; 
Cuv., Val. ( Leuciscus ), Hist. Nat. Poiss ., vol. XVII, p. 130 
( + L.rutiloides (ex Selys), p. 149 4- L. prasinus (ex Agass.), 
p. 153 + L. Sely.sii (ex Selys), p. 198); Kr., Damn. Fiske. 
0 Cf. Blanch^re, Nouv. Diet. d. Pitches, p. 174. 
b Sometimes 9, according to Moreau. 
c Sometimes 39, according to Fatio. 44, according to Artedi. 
