ABRAMI DINES. 
819 
THE ZOPE (SW. FLIRAN OR faren). 
ABEAM IS BALLERUS. 
Plate XXXIV, fig. 1. 
Scales in the lateral line about 70 ( 69 a — 73). Anal jin with 34 — 42 branched rays. Between the lateral line 
and the dorsal Jin 14 — 16 rows of scales. Mouth ascending , with the tip of the lower jaw slightly projecting. 
Pharyngeal teeth set in a single row: 5 — 5. 
R. hr. : 
1 
3 
P. 
' 34 
—42’ 
15 
.v + 1 + 17 
+ 1 + x ; 
L. lat. 
69“— 
-73; 
L. 
V. 
7—8’ 
14—16 
8 — 10 ( 11 ) 
i; 
Vert. 47—48. 
Syn. Cyprinus admodum latus et tenuis; pinna ani ossiculorum 
quadraginta, Art., Iclithyol., Gen. Pise., p. 3; Syn. Pise., 
p. 12; Descr. Spec. Pise., p. 23 4- Cyprinus iride flava: 
pinna ani ossiculorum triginta (viginti) septem, ibid., Gen., 
p. 3; Syn., p. 13; Spec., p. 23; Cyprinus pinna ani ossicu- 
lorum quadraginta, Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. I, p. 122 + Cypri- 
nus pinnae ani radiis triginta septem, ibid., p. 123 + Cypri- 
nus pinnae ani radiis viginti quinque (p.p.), ibid., p. 124, obs. 
Cyprinus Farenus , Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 326; 
Retz., Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 361. 
, Cyprinus Dnllerus , Lin., Syst., 1. c.; Retz., 1. c., p. 361; Bl., 
Fisch. Deutschl., part. I, p. 62, tab. IX; Pall., Zoogr. Boss. 
Asiat., tom. Ill, p. 327 ; Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., 
p. 30; Ekstr., v. We., Skand. Fisk., ed. I, p. 112, tab. 
26; Cuv., Val. ( Leuciscus ), Hist. Nat. Poiss ., vol. XVII, 
p. 45; Lillj. (Cyprinus), Vet. Akad. Handl. 1850, p. 305; 
Kr. ( Abramis ), Damn. Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 411; Sundev. 
(Cyprinus), Stockh. L. Hush. Sallsk. Handl. 1855, p. 81; 
Nilss. (Abramis), Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 331; Lloyd 
(Cyprinus), Scand. Adv., vol. I, p. 51; Kessl. (Abra- 
mis), Bull. Soc. Natar. Mosc., tom. XXIX: 1 (1856), p. 
377; Hckl, Kn., Susswasserf. Oestr. Mon., p. 113; Dyb., 
Cypr. Livl., p. 196; Sieb., Susswasserf. Mitteleur., p. 130; 
Widegr. (Cyprinus), Landtbr. Akad. Tidskr. 1863, p. 203; 
Gthr (Abramis), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. VII, p. 302; 
Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 566; Bncke, Fisch., Fischer., 
Fischz. 0 ., IE. Preuss ., p. 122; Mob., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., 
p. 116; Grimm, Fish., Hunt. Puss. Wat., pp. 15 et 22; 
Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 294. 
Cyprinus Biorkna (neo synon.), Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. II, p. 
130; Retz., 1. c., p. 360. 
Obs. When Ekstrom wrote his Morko Fiskar and Nilsson his 
Prodromus, they had both received from Lake Malar young Bream 
under the name of farnar (Zope); and the parenthetic remark in 
Artedi’s diagnosis of the Faren (Gen. Pise.) that in Syn. Pise, (as 
well as in the diagnosis of Faren in Descr. Spec. Pise.) a misprint 
had escaped observation (27 anal rays instead of 37), was supposed 
to be an insertion of no importance made by Linnjeiis. Up to the 
present day EkstrSm’s followers have therefore regarded the Cyprinus 
Farenus of Artedi and Linnzeds as a young Bream'. But Artedi’s 
minute description of this fish plainly shows that he really referred 
to the form still known by most of the Malar fishermen as the Faren. 
Not only do we read in Clause 12 of this description “pinna ani . . . 
ossiculorum triginta septem”; the measurements given by Artedi 
(Longitudo tota ad initium caudae unc. 8, lin. 8; ad pinnam dorsi 
unc. 4, lin. 8; ad pinnam ani unc. 5, lin. 3°) demonstrate beyond 
doubt that his specimen was a Faren. The following table contains 
our measurements of Bream and Zope preserved in spirits — the di- 
mensions given by Artedi were probably those of fresh specimens — 
ranged in parallel columns with Artedi’s measurements of the Bream 
and Zope in Descr. Spec. Pise., pp. 22 and 25. 
“ Sometimes 65, according to Valenciennes. 
b 7 — 9, according to Kroyer. 
c Whether these measurements are duodecimal (12 lines to the inch) or decimal (10 lines to the inch), I am unable to determine; 
but the difference is of no importance to the solution of the question. For the sake of completeness I have included in the table (in paren- 
theses) the percentages which the decimal system would involve. 
