842 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
longiore, Id., ibid., et Spec., p. 52. Salmo dorso nigro, 
lateribus casruleis, ventre fulvo, Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. I, p. 
117. Roding , Lin., It. Wgoth., p. 257. 
Salmo umbla, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 310; Penn., 
Brit. Zool. (1776), vol. Ill, p. 267; Agass., Rep. Brit. 
Assoc. Edinb. 1834, p. 617; Yarr, Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. 
II, p. 121; Agass., Poiss. d'eau douce, tab. IX — XI; Thomps., 
Nat. Hist. Irel., vol. IV, p. 160; White, Cat. Brit. Fish., 
p. 78; Smitt, Riksm. Salmon., Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 21 
(1885), No. 8, p. 163; Fatio (Salvelinus), Fn. Vert. Suisse, 
vol. V, p. 395. 
Salmo erythrceus , Pall., Zoogr. Ross, Asiat., tom. Ill, p. 349. 
Salmones salvelini, (—Salmo ventrieosus + S. carbonarius (ex 
StrSm) + S. alpinus (ex Lin.) 4- S. pallidus + S. salvelinus 
(ex Lin.) + S. rutilus ), Nilss., Prodr. Ichtliyol. Scand., p. 
7 ; — unam speoiem ovnnes has varietates censuit in Skand. 
Fn., Fisk., p. 422. 
Salmo alpinus, Mgrn, Finl. Fiskfn., (disp. Helsingf. 1863), 
p. 56; Widegr., Landbr. Akad. Tidskr. 1863, pp. 201 et 
209; Mgrn, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1864, p. 534; Coll., 
Forh. Vid. Selsk., Chrnia 1874, Tillsegsli., p. 160; ibid. 
1879, No. 1, p. 86; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 540; Smitt, 
(Jfvers. Vet.-Akad. Fork. 1882, No. 8, p. 33; Mela, Vert. 
Fenn., p. 343; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 112; 
Brit. Salm., p. 237; Trybom, Iaktt. Fisk. Ume-Lappm., 
Nord. Aarsskr. Fisk. 1883, p. 300; Reuter, Sundm., Finl. 
Fisk., tab. V; Lillj., Sv ., Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. II, p. 598. 
a: Var. Salmo salvelinus ( Vetterns Roding, Nilss. — Storrodingen, 
Lillj.), cujus pinnae ventrales pone mediam longitudinem 
corporis sitae sunt. 
Syn. Salvelin Germanis, Ray, Syn. Metli. Pise., p. 64; Salmo 
pedalis maxilla superiore longiore, Art., Ichtliyol., Gen., p. 
13; Syn., p. 26. 
Salmo Salvelinus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 309; 
(+ S. Salmarinus, p. 310); Bl., Fisch. Deutschl., pt. Ill, 
p. 149, tab. XCIX ( 4- S. umbla, p. 154, tab. Cl); Cuv., 
Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. tom. XXI, p. 246 (+*!?. umbla, 
p. 233); Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 422; IIckl, Kr, 
Siisswasserf. Ostr. Mon., p. 280 ( 4- S. umbla, p. 285); 
Sieb., Siisswasserf. Mitteleur., p. 280; Canestr., Fna D'ltal., 
pt. Ill, Pesci, p. 23; Lillj., 1. c., p. 599. 
Salmo umbla, Jur., Hist. Poiss. L. Lem., Mem. Soc. Phys., 
D’Hist. Nat. Geneve, tom. Ill, pt. 1, p. 179, tab. V; Rapp, 
Fisch. Bodens., p. 32, tab. V; Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., 
tom. Ill, p. 530. 
b: Var. Salmo alpinus (Vermlands och Lapplands Roding, Nilss. 
— Smarodingen, Lillj.), cujus pinna? ventrales ante mediam 
longitudinem corporis sitae sunt. 
Syn. Salmo alpinus, Lin., Syst., 1. c.; Ascan., Icon. Rer. 
Nat., cah. 2, p. 7, tab. XVIII; Laistadius, Journ. Lappm ., 
Forts., p. 75; Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 249; Nilss., Skand. 
Fn., Fisk., p. 426 (4- S. carbonarius, p. 429 4- S. rutilus, 
p. 430); NystrSm, Iaktt. Fn. Jemtl. Vattendr. (disp. Up- 
sala 1863), p. 11; Olsson, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1876, 
No. 3, p. 14; ibid. 1882, No. 10, p. 50; Lillj., 1. c, 
p. 609. 
The Charr, which is, generally speaking, the small- 
est Scandinavian Salmo , still attains a fair size even in 
our fauna. It sometimes reaches, at least in Lake 
Wetter, a length of nearly 7 x j 2 dm. and a weight of 
about 8V 3 kilo“. Trybom was told at Lake Stor-Uman 
in Ume Lappmark that in 1878 a Charr had been 
taken there which weighed 7V 2 kilo., and that it often 
runs to 4 kilo, in the same lake, though its usual 
weight is lV 3 — 2 kilo. In many parts of Sweden a 
Charr 1 foot long (3 dm.) or 1 1 / 2 lbs. in weight (0*7 
kilo.) is considered quite an average-sized fish, and in 
many lakes it does not attain even these dimensions. 
The body shows in young and middle-sized Charr 
the most handsome and best proportioned piscine type, 
a terete and regular fusiform shape, so little compressed 
that the greatest thickness is about half the greatest 
height, which lies a little in front of the dorsal fin 
proper, and is contained about 5 times, or in young 
specimens even more than 6 times, in the length of 
the body. With age, however, both the relative depth 
and the lateral compression as a rule increase — the 
former most, as usual, in gravid females, the latter in 
spent fish — and in our largest Charr the depth some- 
times rises to 29 % of the entire length or 31 % of 
the length to the base of the caudal fin * * 6 , while the 
greatest thickness of such specimens is only 2 / 5 of the 
said depth 0 . During these modifications the sides of 
the body become almost flat and parallel, converging 
gradually and in a very elongated curve towards the 
base of the caudal fin. The differences, however, seem 
sometimes to depend on local circumstances: “We find 
the species,” says Thompson (Yarrell, 1. c., p. 123), 
“to be in one lake herring-like, and in another approx- 
imating the roundness of an eel”. But both forms 
sometimes occur in the same lake (see Nystrom, 1. c.). 
The least depth measures about 7 or 8 % — in the Sib- 
ling sometimes nearly 6 %, in the Northern Charr 
sometimes nearly 9 % — of the length of the body, or 
in the former about 28 — 30 %, in the latter about 
34 — 39 %, of the length of the head. 
The head shares in the above alteration of the 
body, growing more compressed in old specimens, and 
acquiring a longer, more pointed snout; but above it 
a In the East States of North America there lives a Charr, Salmo Namaycush, which according to Brown-Goode ( Fisheries and 
Fishery-Industries of the Un. States, sect. 1, p. 486) attains a weight of 120 lbs. (54‘43 kilo.). 
6 According to Fatio the greatest depth may rise to 46 1 /), % of the length to the base of the caudal fin. 
c According to Fatio the greatest thickness may sink in very old specimens to fq of the greatest depth. 
