848 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
weight of at most o 2 / 5 kilo., body shorter, head smaller, 
coloration lighter, than in the former variety; and the 
Salmon Charr ( Laxroding ), of the same size as the Deep- 
water Charr and also similar in other respects to the 
latter, but with white belly. At the same time, accord- 
ing to Dr. Marin, in the north part of Lake Wetter 
the following kinds of Charr were named: the Bed , 
with red back, belly and sides of lighter red, yellow 
fins, and red flesh; the Spotted , sides and back spotted 
with white on a gray ground, belly whitish, flesh white, 
whitish yellow, or gray; and the Gray , with grayish 
green back and sides, belly and flesh as in the Spotted 
Charr. All these names simply indicate the great va- 
riableness of the Charr in different haunts, even within 
the limits of a single lake. Especially worthy of re- 
mark from a culinary point of view is the great dif- 
ference in the colour of the flesh, which varies from 
bright red to whitish. The pronounced red tint is due 
to a diet consisting chiefly of crustaceans. 
In Lakes Stor-Uman and Malgomaj (Lycksele Lapp- 
mark) a distinction is drawn between Light and Black 
Cliarr. There the Charr fishery is best, according to 
Trybom, during the spawning-season and immediately 
afterwards. Stationary nets are used, and they must 
be set, at least towards the close of the fishing, under 
the ice. After the breaking up of the ice, and until 
the Charr retires to deep water, a productive fishery 
is carried on with long-lines. In a few Lapland lakes 
the bottom is smooth enough for the employment of 
seines, but this is seldom the case at the spawning- 
places. In the Lajsan lakes, towards the end of sum- 
mer and in autumn, the take includes not only breed- 
ing Charr, but also numerous fish that are “ gaW (bar- 
ren, i. e. not ready to spawn the same year) and very fat. 
In many places the Charr is caught with hand- 
lines, and voracious feeder as it is, it takes any kind 
of bright bait, if only this be kept moving. Day * 6 * 8 
describes a sort of whiffing for Charr practised on Lake 
Winandermere: “By far the most important and in- 
teresting means of taking char there is by means of 
the plumb-line. This line is made of strong cord, and 
varies in length according to the number of baits which 
are to be put on it; but it is usually between forty 
and fifty yards long, and this is sufficient to carry five 
baits. The baits usually used are artificial, pieces of 
metal silvered on one side, copper, red, green, or brown 
on the other, spinning from either the head or tail. 
Minnows can be used in the same way, spoon baits too, 
and both the blue Phantom and Garnet-quill minnows 
have been tried successfully. Still the natives prefer 
the metal baits, and the sizes used for ordinary trout 
are of course the correct ones. Usually two such lines 
as the above are worked by each boat, and the fisher- 
man shows considerable skill in his manipulation of 
them and rowing his craft along at a proper speed at 
the same time — the latter is just sufficient to keep 
the baits spinning and the tackle taut. The boatman 
knows the ground char frequent, and the nature of the 
bottom too, for should he come upon rocks and weeds 
his tackle gets entangled, and a big smash must almost 
inevitably result. This fishing usually commences about 
the beginning of March, and at that time the fish are 
got about thirty yards from the surface and in the 
deepest parts of the lake. As the weather gets warmer 
they gradually approach the top.” The Charr is also 
taken at the surface of the water during summer with 
the otter-line b and the casting-rod. 
“The Charr is very easy to breed”, says Max von 
dem Borne 0 , “and best adapted of all the Salmon-fishes 
for fattening. But it must without fail be supplied 
with pure spring- water of a fairly uniform tempera- 
ture, which should never exceed + 15 to 1 l 1 jf C. (59 
to 6372° Fahr.). It is especially to be recommended 
to the pisciculturists who have a plentiful diet of in- 
sects to offer it, as well as to those who desire to keep 
their fish in small ponds, and to fatten them for mar- 
ket from their earliest youth on a diet consisting 
mainly of meat and fish. It is very sociable and 
tame, being perfectly at its ease among fishes of dif- 
ferent genera and sizes, while the Trout, on the con- 
trary, is always shy and especially intolerant of smaller 
companions.” 
“ L. c., p. Ill; Brit., Ir. Salmonidce, pp. 235 and 243. 
6 A line with flies or spinning baits, natural or artificial, and constructed, for surface-fishing, partly on the same principle as the 
otter-trawl for ground-fishing. An otter-board at the end of the line is arranged vertically floating at the surface, but obliquely to the di- 
rection of the rowboat, thus leaping out from this and stretching the line, trolling the baits on the water. 
c Handbuch der Fischzucht und Fischerei , p. 284. 
