SALMON. 
851 
Salmo Eriox (p.p.), Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 308; 
Turt., Brit. Fna, p. 103; Jen., Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., 
p. 422; Kr., Damn. Fifth., vol. II, p. 602; Nilss., Ofvers. 
Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1848, p. 63; Lillj., ibid., 1849, pp. 36 — 
37: Nilss., Shand. Fn., Fish., p. 395; Coll., Forh. Vid. 
Selsk. Chinia 1874, Tillaegsh., p. 157; ibid. 1879, No. 1, 
p. 85; Olss., (Jfvers. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1876, No. 3, p. 132; 
ibid. 1882, No. 10, p. 48; Fedders., 1. c., p. 77; Reut., 
Sundm., Fml. Fisk., tab. XVI et XVII. 
Salmo Trutta, Lin., 1. c.; Bl., Fisch. Deutschl., pt. I, p. 143, 
tab. XXI ( + N. Goedenii , pt. Ill, p. 155, tab. CII); Nilss., 
Prodr. Iclithyol. Scand., p. 5 ( + S. Truttula, ibid.) ; Agass., 
1. e., tab. VI— VIII; Kr., 1. c., p. 582; Nilss., Ofvers., 
1. c. ; Shand. Fn., Fish., p. 406; Widgn, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. 
Forh. 1862, p. 560, tab. IV, figg. 1 et 2; tab. V; tab. VI, 
fig. 1; tab. VII; tab. VIII; ibid. 1864, p. 279, tab. VIII — 
XIV; Nystrom, Ialctt. Jerntl., (disp. Ups. 1863), p. 7; Sieb. 
(Trutta), 1. c., p. 314; Mgrx, 1. c., p. 61; Steind., 1. c., 
p. 22; Gthr (Salrno), 1. c., p. 22 (+ S. brachypoma , p. 87 
+ S. gallivensis, p. 88 + S. mistops, p. 105 + S. vener- 
nensis, p. 110 + S. polyosteus, p. Ill + . . .); Malm, 1. c., 
p. 538; Smitt, Ofvers., 1. c., p. 31; Mob., Hcke, Fisch. 
Osts., p. 126; Lillj., Sc., Norg. Fish., vol. II, p. 565. 
Salrno Fario, Lin., 1. c., p. 309 ( + S. carpio , ibid.); Bl., 
1. c., pt. I, p. 148, tab. XXII et XXIII; Nilss., Prodr., 
p. 6; Agass., 1. c., tab. Ill — V; Kr., 1. c., p. 625; Nilss., 
Shand. Fn., Fish., p. 415; Sieb. (Trutta), 1. c., p. 319; 
Steind., 1. c., p. 24; Gthr (Salrno), 1. c., p. 59 ( + S. 
orcaclensis, p. 91+ S. fero.v , p. 92 (ex Jard.) + N. sto- 
machicus, p. 95 + S. nigripinnis, p. 96 + S. levenensis, p. 
101 (ex Walker) + . . .); Canestrini (Trutta), Fna d'ltal., 
pt. Ill ( Pesci ), p. 24; Apostol., Peche en Grice, p. 33; 
MSb., Hcke, 1. c., p. 127. 
Salmo Illanca, Waktmann, Schr. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1783, 
p. 55. 
Salmo alpinus, Bl., 1. c., pt. Ill, p. 158 (uec synon.), 
tab. CIV. 
Salmo cambricus, Donov., Brit. Fish., tab. XCI; Gthr, 1. c., 
p. 34. 
Salmo spurius, Pall., Zoogr., I. c., p. 343 (= S. Eriox 
Linn^ei) + S. hucho, p. 344 (nec. Lin.). 
Salmo lemanus, Cuv., R. Anim., ed. 2, tom. II, p. 303 ( + S. 
trutta + S. fario + S. punctatus + S. marmoratus, p. 304 
+ Saimlet, p. 305). 
Salmo ferox, Jard., N. Phil. Jotirn. Edinb., vol. XVIII, p. 
55; Brit. Salmon., tab. IV; Nilss., Shand. Fn., Fish., 
p . 412. 
Fario argenteus , Cuv., Val., ITist. Nat. Poiss., tom. XXI, p. 
300, tab. 616 (+ F. lemanus, p. 300, tab. 617 + Salar 
Ausonii, p. 319, tab. 618 + S. Bailloni, p. 342, tab. 
619). 
Genera Salar et Fario apud Hckl., Kn., Siisswasserf. Oestr. 
Mon., p. 247 et cett. 
Salmo microps , Hardin, 1 . c., p. 383. 
Trutta variubilis, Llnel, Hist. Nat. Poiss. du bassin du Leman, 
p. 146, tab. XVI— XVIII. 
Salmo lacustris, Fatio, Fne Vert. Suisse, vol. V, p. 323. 
The Salmon, with its multitude of names, occurs 
within the Scandinavian fauna in numerous varieties, 
both of form and colour, the extremes being very easy 
to distinguish by well-marked characters, but connected 
by intermediate forms in a manner that compels us, 
after a comparative study, to comprehend them under 
one specific designation. The most clearly distinct 
varieties have long been known by different names in 
popular parlance, and are now recognised even in 
scientific nomenclature, the first as the Trout (Sw. 
Grdlax, Salmo trutta), the second as the Salmon (Sw. 
Blanklax, Salmo salar). The Salmon is generally the 
larger: it attains, according to Buckland", a length of 
14 dm. and a weight of 31 3 / 4 kilo. 6 , and Fatio c men- 
tions specimens as much as 16 dm. long; but even the 
Trout (if the determination be correct) sometimes mea- 
sures nearly 14 dm. d 
The chief external distinction between these two 
varieties consists in the more elongated form, the short- 
er maxillaries, and the more scattered spots of the 
Salmon. In 1848 a fisherman from Elfkarleby showed 
Lilljeborg a practical method of telling a Trout from 
a Salmon merely by taking it in the hand. If you 
grasp a Salmon round the tail, you have no difficulty 
in holding it fast; but a Trout held in this manner 
easily slips out of the hand. This is due to the greater 
contraction of the peduncle of the tail in the Salmon, 
a character which also affords the safest expression of 
the greater elongation of the body in this form. The 
least depth of the tail in the Salmon is less than 28 % 
(as a rule less than 25 %), in the Trout about 30 %, 
of the preabdominal length (the distance between the 
foremost points in the insertions of the pectoral and 
ventral fins). But this character holds good only in 
adult and typical specimens. The case is the same 
with another character expressing the same difference 
in the form of the body: the length of the dorsal 
margin of the peduncle of the tail (behind the adipose 
fin) is greater in the Salmon, less in the Trout, than 
a Nat. Hist. Brit. Fish., p. 292. 
h According to information received by the Swedish Fisheries Commission of 1881 — 83, the Salmon in Sweden attains a length of 
at least 1 1 3 m. and a weight of at least 25 1 /., kilo. 
c Fne Vert. Suisse, vol. V, p. 305. 
d Day, Brit., Ir. Salm ., p. 181. The above-mentioned Commission was informed that in Sweden the Trout attains a length of 9 
dm. and a weight of 7 fy kilo. 
