882 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
seas, with their wealth of Schizopoda ; Hyper idee, and 
Copepoda, the multitudinous minute animals collectively 
known by the Norwegians as Kril. It often seems, 
however, as Fabhicius remarked, to live on its own 
roe as soon as deposited; even in the females we have 
found the stomach crammed with eggs similar to those 
dropped from the oviduct and still left in the abdo- 
minal cavity". 
In the Glacial clay the Capelin occurs'' in the 
same way as Gadits saida (see above); but the ma- 
trices are usually still more characteristic, following in 
their outer contours the shape of the Capelin, and still 
commoner. They are found in scattered localities 
throughout Norway, from the extreme north to the 
neighbourhood of Christiania, sometimes 200 feet, if 
not more, above the level of the sea. 
A fish of such economical importance has, of course, 
received many names from the fishermen, who in their 
undiscriminating interest imagine that they increase 
our knowledge of the species by distinguishing between 
a number of forms. From Finmark Sparre-Schneider c 
enumerates the Lodde, Vaslodde, Havlodde, Fjordlodde, 
Blanklodde, etc. From olden times different names have 
been given to the sexes; and even in 1882 Sparre- 
Schneider found it impossible to convince the fisher- 
men that the male and the female belong to the same 
species. The male has been known as the Jernlodde d and 
Fackselodde e , the female most commonly as the Sildelodde. 
Genus THYMALLUS. 
Teeth in the mouth scattered and small, set in a single row on the inter maxillaries, the maxillaries, and in the 
lower jaw, in a small card on the head’ of the vomer, in 
with age on the tongue, cardiform on the pharyngeals. 
jaw 66 — 75 %f of that of the head reduced. Length 
the body and greater than that of the head reduced. 
20 — 30). Scales middle-sized, less than 100 9 
The Grayling genus, Thymallus, occupies, as we 
have already mentioned, in many respects a remark- 
able intermediate position between the Salmons and 
the Gwyniads. But in the transition to the Salmons 
there is another connecting-link, the genus Brachy- 
mystax' 1 , which in comparison with Thymallus, has 
two rows on the anterior part of the palatines, disappearing 
Length of the maxillaries 38 — 48 %, and of the lower 
of the base of the dorsal fin more than 15 % of that of 
Pyloric appendages well- developed and numerous ( about 
(75 — 93) in the lateral line , which is complete. 
stronger teeth, persistent on the tongue, smaller (more 
numerous) scales, and a shorter dorsal fin (with at 
most 14 rays). Apart from this genus, and also ex- 
cluding Oncorhynchus from the comparison, the said 
intermediate position of the Graylings is best expressed 
by the following relations: 
a Positively to determine the species of eggs contained in the stomachs of specimens that have lain for years in spirits, is a task 
we will not undertake; but the resemblance to the eggs of the Capelin itself is striking. 
h M. Saks: Foss. Dyrel. Qvartcerper. Uuiv. Progr. Chrnia 1864, p. 25. Collett, Glac. Mergelb. fra Bejeren, TromsO Mus. 
Aarsb. III. 
c Zool. Iagttag. fr. Vardo, Thoms0 Mus. Aarsb. 1882, p. 23. 
d Really Jarlodde or Jadrlodde , i. e. Edged Capelin, from Jadar, Jar, or Jeer (e. g. in Jsederen), Engl, edder , Sw. gjcirde. 
e Old Norwegian Fax, mane, fringe. 
f Exceptionally (in young specimens) 76 %. 
3 Thymallus grubei, var. baicalensis, according to Dybowski (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Bd. XXIV (1874), p. 391), has 92 — 108 
scales in the lateral line. 
h Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. VI, p. 162. To this genus should probably be referred both the Siberian Salmo coregonoides, 
Pall, and the Dalmatian Thymallus microlepis , Steind. ( = Salmo obtusirostris, var. oxyrhynchus , Steind.). Both these species, however, 
instinctively suggest the possibility of hybridism — the former = Thymallus + trutta, the latter = Thymallus + fluviatihs. Cf. Smitt: Riksm. 
Salmon., p. 199, not. 4. 
