884 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE GRAYLING (sw. harren). 
THYMALLUS VULGARIS. 
Plate XLII, fig. 1. 
Number of gill- rakers on the whole of the first branchial arch more than 21 a , on the lower part of the arch 
more than 13 h . Length of the head more than 61 % of the preabdominal length. Length of the snout more than 
24 % of that of the head or than 32 % of that of the head reduced , and the breadth of the snout more than 
74 % of the length of the maxillaries. Least depth of the tail less than 42 % of the length of the head or than 
57 % of the length of the head reduced. 
R. br. 10 c ; D. — —(=17—22); A. -——(=10—14); 
13 — 1 6 V ' 8— ir 
- — - ; V. — ; C . x -f- 1 -f- 1 7 -)- 1 + x ; 
(11)13 — 15(16) (9)10—11 
Lin. Icit. (65)74 — 93; Lin. tr. — 1 (supra pinn. ventr.); Vert. 61' 
Syn. Qvga'/J.og, 7Elian., De nat. anim ., lib. XIV, cap. XXII; Thy- 
rnallas, Belon, A 'at., Divers. Poiss., p. 276; + Umbre de 
riviere, ibid., p. 280; Thymus , Rondel., De pise, fluv., p. 187 
+ Umbra fluviatilis, ibid., p. 172; Gesn., De Aquat., pp. 
978 et 1032; Willughb., Hist. Pise., pp. 187 et 188. Core- 
yoniis maxilla superiore longiore, pinna dorsi ossiculorutn vi- 
ginti trium, Art., Ichthyol., Gen. Pise., p. 10; Syn. Pise., 
p. 20; Descr. Spec. Pise., p. 41; Lin., Fna Suec., ed. I, 
p. 119. Trutta, No. 15, Klein, Hist. Pise. Nat., Miss. V, 
p. 21, tab. IV, fig. 5. 
Sahno ( Coregonns ) Thymallus , Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, 
p. 311; Bl., Fisch. Deutsclil., part. I, p. 158, tab. XXIV; 
Retz., Fna Suec. Lin., p. 349; Couch. ( Coregonus ), Hist. 
Fish. Brit. Isl., vol. IV, p. 280. 
Thymallus vulgaris, Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 13; 
Yarr., Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. II, p. 136; Kr., Damn. 
Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 35; Lloyd, Scandinav. Advent, p. 127; 
Nilss., Skand. Fna, Fisk., p. 447 ; Wdgrn, Landtbr.-Akad. 
Handl. 1858, pp. 180 et 207; Sieb., Sussivasserf. Mitteleur., 
p. 267 ; Mgrn, Finl. Fisk fna , (disp. Helsingf.), p. 64: Nystr., 
Ialctt. Fnan Jemtl. vattendr. ( disp. Dps. 1863), p. 15; Wdgrn, 
Landtbr.-Akad. Tidskr. 1863, pp. 202 et 203; Gthr, Cat. 
Brit. Mus., Fish.,, vol. VI, p. 200; Canestr., Fna ltdi., 
Pesci, p. 23; Lunel, Hist. Nat. Poiss. Bass. Lem., p. 120, 
tab. XIII; Coll., Vid.-Selsk. Forh., Chrnia 1874, Tilliegsh., 
p. 171; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 91; Olss., Vet.-Akad. Ofvers. 
1876, No. 3, p. 135; 1882, No. 10, p. 50; Fedders., Nat. 
Tidskr., Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 78; Mor., Hist. Nat. 
Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, p. 543; Bncke, Fisch., Fischer., Fischz. 
0., IK. Preuss., p. 153; Mela, Vert. Fenn., p. 345, tab. X; 
MOb., Hoke, Fisch. Osts., p. 129; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., 
vol. II, p. 131, tab. CXXIV; Norb., Handl. Fiskev., Fiskafv., 
p. 400, fig. 120; Smitt, Riksm. Salmon., Vet.-Akad. Handl., 
Bd. 21, No. 8, p. 198; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, 
p. 664; Mela, Sundm., Finl. Fisk., tab. XXV. 
Thymallus vexillifer, Agass., Poiss. d'eau douce, tab. XVI, 
XVII, XVII * 6 ; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XXI, p. 
438; Hckl., Kn., Sussivasserf. Oesterr. Mon., p. 242; Fatio, 
Fne Vert. Suisse, vol. V, p. 286. 
Thymallus gymnothorax, Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 445, tab. 625; 
Gthr, Jahresb. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirteinb., Jahrg. IX 
(1853), p. 341; Rapp, ibid., Jahrg. X, p. 161. 
Thymallus gymnogaster, Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 446, tab. 626 
+ Thym. FEliani, p. 447. 
The Grayling attains in Sweden a length of 5 or 
6 din. and a weight, at least in ordinary cases, of at 
most 2 kilo/ The form of the body is fairly elongated 
and compressed. The greatest depth, which occurs at 
the beginning of the true dorsal tin, is about a / 5 (18 
— 21 %), but sometimes more than 1 / 4 (26 %), of the 
length of the body, and the greatest thickness in old 
specimens is about 46 % of the said depth; but during 
youth, at a length of 3 / 4 dm., when the dark transverse 
bands are still present, the body is more terete, the 
greatest thickness being about. 56 % of the greatest 
depth. The least depth, just in front of the caudal fin, 
is about 6 — 7 1 / 2 % (seldom 8 %) of the length of the 
body. The dorsal and ventral profiles are as a rule 
fairly similar to each other, the back rising from the shal- 
low (seen from the side, pointed) snout to the beginning 
of the dorsal fin in a curve equal to that in which the 
ventral profile descends for the same distance, and be- 
hind this point the depth of the body decreases with 
fair uniformity. But when the ventral muscles are 
powerfully contracted, it often happens that the anterior 
a In young specimens 21 or 20. 
6 In young specimens 12. 
c 9 — 11, according to Lilljeborg. 
d 60, according to Kiidyer. 
e From the Governments of Westernorrland, Jemtland, and Westerbotten it was indeed reported to the Fisheries Commission of 1881 — 
83 that the Grayling there attains a weight of 8 — 10 Sw. lbs. (3 1 / 3 - — 4 J / 4 kilo.); but the greatest length adduced at the same time, 1'7 Sw. 
ft. (5 dm.), seems hardly to admit of such a weight, except perhaps in the case of gravid females. 
