894 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
R.br. 7—8; D. - -—(=11— 13); A. — [=13 — 16(17)]; 
8- -9( 10; ’ 10 — 12(13) L v ' j 
P. 
1 
(12)13 — 15(17) ’ 
V. 
( 1)1 
9 — 11 ’ 
C. x + 1 + 17 + 1 + x; 
8(9), 
Lin. lat. (70)75-90(94); L. tr. ; Vert. 58 «. 
Syn. Marena, Schonev., Ichtli. Slesv. Hols., p, 46 (vide Kr., Damn. 
Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 93). Vandesius, Sibb., Scot. III., pt. 2, 
lib. Ill, p. 26. Goregonus edentulus, maxilla inferiore lon- 
g-iore, Art., Ichthyol., Gen., p. 9, Syn., p. 18 (excl. synon.), 
Spec., p. 40; Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. I, p. 119. Anims-vimma, 
Lin., It. W goth., p. 231. Ooreg. spec. II, Gisler, Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. 1753, p. 196. 
Salmo Alhula, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 310; Retz., 
Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 349; Bl., Schn., Syst. Ichthyol., p. 411; 
Pall., Zoogr. Ross. Asiat., tom. Ill, p. 413; Nilss. ( Core - 
gonus ), Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 17; Ekstr., Vet.-Akad. 
Handl. 1834, p. 16; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XXI, 
p. 520, tab. 633; Lloyd, Scand. Advent., vol. I, p. 135; 
Nilss., Slcand. Fn., Fisk., p. 465; Sundev., Stockli. L. Hush.- 
Sallsk. Handl., II. 6 (1855), p. 81; Wgrn, Landtbr.-Akad. 
Hand!., vol. 18 (1858), pp. 180 et 206; Id., Ofvers. Vet.- 
Akad. Forh. 1862, p. 591, tab. IX, fig. 1; Id., Landtbr.-Akad. 
Tidskr. 1863, pp. 201, 203, 211; Sieb., Susswasserf. Mittel- 
eur ., p. 265; Mgrn, Finl. Fiskfn., p. 54; Gthr, Cat. Brit. 
Mas., Fish., vol. VI, p. 192; Coll., Vid. Selsk. Forli. Chrnia 
1874, Tilltegsli., p. 170; ibid., 1879, No. 1, p. 91; Olss., 
Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1876, No. 3, p. 138; Malm ( Argy - 
rosomus ), Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 547 ; Fedders. ( Coregonus ), 
Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn. ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 80; Bncke, Fisch., 
Fischer., Fiscliz. O., W. Preuss ., p. 152; Mela, Vert. Fenn ., 
p. 352, tab. X; Mob., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., p. 133; Tryb., 
Nord. Aarsskr. Fisk., 1 Aarg. (1883), p. 295; Norb., Handl. 
Fiskev., Fiskafv., p. 407 ; Reut., Sundm., Finl. Fisk., tab. 
VI; Smitt, Vet.-Akad. Hand!., Bd. 21 (1886), No. 8, p. 212, 
cett. ; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, p. 706. 
Salmo Vimba, Lin., Syst. 1. c., p. 311; Retz., 1. c., p. 350; 
Ascan., Icon. Rer. Nat., cah. IV, tab. XXIX; Nilss. ( Core- 
gonus ), Prodr., 1. c.; Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 514, tab. 632; Nilss., 
Stand. Fn., Fisk., p. 462; Gthr, 1. c., p. 193; Smitt, 1. c. 
Salmo Marwnula, Bl., Fische Deutschl., pt. I, p. 176, tab. 
XXVIII, fig. 3; Jard., Edinb. Journ. Nat., Geog. Sc., vol. Ill, 
p. 4, tab. 1 ; Jen., Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 432. 
Coregonus clupeoides , Nilss., Prodr., p. 18; Stand. Fn., Fisk., 
p. 467. 
Coregonus vandesius, Rich., Fn. Bor. Amer., pt. Ill, p. 213; 
Gthr, Cat., 1. c., p. 194. 
Coregonus Willughbii, Jard., Illustr. Scot. Salm., tab. 6; Yarr., 
Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. II, p. 146. 
Coregonus brevis, Maklin, Ofvers. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Forh., vol. XI 
(1868—69), p. 19. 
The Scandinavian Vendace is usually a small fish, 
in most cases of the Bleak’s or the Baltic Herring’s size, 
seldom as large as the oceanic Herring, and attaining a 
maximum length of about 3 dm. But in other places, as 
in some of the North German lakes, it grows to a length 
of at least. 37 2 dm. In form and in coloration it re- 
minds us both of the Bleak and the Herring. The body 
is fusiform but compressed, in the true Vendace — and 
among our forms most in the Wetter form — elongated 
as in a Bleak, with the greatest depth, at the beginning 
of the dorsal fin, about 19 % of the length, but in the 
sikvimma b as a rule deeper, with the greatest depth 
sometimes 24 % of the length. In the former the great- 
est. thickness of the body is about s / 5 , in the latter 
about 3 V> °f the greatest depth; but gravid females of 
the former approach the proportions of the latter. The 
dorsal and ventral margins are broadly convex or even 
flat, the former being the broader, but for some dis- 
tance immediately in front of the dorsal fin somewhat 
sharpened to a faintly marked carina. The upper and 
lower contours are similarly arched, except in gravid 
females, where the ventral profile, as usual, is more 
sharply curved in the abdominal region. The average 
least depth of the tail in the true Vendace is about 
6 b'a % of the length of the body, 31 % of that of the 
head, 42 % of that of the head reduced, or 60 % of that 
of the lower jaw. In the sikvimma these averages are 
respectively 7V 3 %, 37 %, 49 %, and 75 %. 
The head is pointed, somewhat more compressed 
than the abdominal region, especially below, across the 
lower jaw, the cheeks thus converging distinctly in a 
downward direction. The frontal profile at first forms 
an unbroken continuation of the dorsal arch, but be- 
comes straighter, owing to a slight depression above 
the eyes. The inferior profile of the head is somewhat 
more sharply curved. The length of the head is about 
Vs of that of the body, but varies partly with age, 
the oldest specimens having, as usual, comparatively 
the smallest head, partly in inverse proportion to the 
depth of the body, the sikvimma, which has the deepest 
body, having the smallest head. The variations run 
between 23 and 18 % of the length of the body. The 
same rule applies to the variations in the length of 
the head reduced, which run between 1 7 1 / 2 and 13 % 
of the length of the body. The decrease in the aver- 
ages during growth, a decrease which is generally 
uniform, is also expressed in the difference of form 
given above between albuia and vimba; and though 
this difference is not quite constant, it may still be 
employed as a character in the great majority of cases, 
if attention be paid to the age of the fish. The eyes 
are furnished, as in most of the Thrissomorphs, with a 
well-developed, adipose membrane, surrounding the 
“ 56 — 58, according to Gunther. 
b Sikvimma = Gwyniad-Zarthe, Silcloja = Gwyniad-Bleak. 
