898 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
mer, from May to October, in about 30 fathoms of 
water off the west coast. The fry, 4 — (3 inches long, 
also stay during the greater part of the year in deep 
water, but in late summer often ascend the inlets on 
the north-east coast, between Hals and Hofvanas Point.” 
Where several lakes communicate with each other, the 
Vendace commonly roves from the lower to the upper 
in order to spawn. 
The ova are tine and rather numerous, somewhat, 
though not firmly, adhesive. The ripe eggs which have 
already dropped into the abdominal cavity are about 
1V 2 mm. in diameter. In females 19 — 20 cm. long 
their average number was estimated by Collett at 3,600 
to each female". When only 7 cm. long'', probably in 
its second year, the Vendace has reached maturity. 
The Vendace is caught only in nets and the like — 
as we have mentioned above, in traps and hoop-nets. 
It takes a hook extremely seldom, and then the bait 
must be a tempting fly. Its flesh is good. “In places 
where Vendace are taken in any considerable quantity,” 
writes Eksteom from Morko, “the flesh is salted and 
in this state supplies the poorer classes with a great 
part of their winter food. Here, where only few are 
taken, the fish is generally eaten fried, and in this 
form its fine and rich flesh is a real dainty.” In Swe- 
dish restaurants and even in the homes of the upper 
classes the Vendace is better known for its roe, which is 
made in Norrland into a kind of caviare, under the 
name of Bleak roe ( lojrorn ). 
The Vendace has many Swedish names. The vimma 
cannot be regarded as a separate species, and the V en- 
dace is often confounded with yonng Herring and goes 
by the same names. In Wermland it is also called sil 
and stint a, in Westerbotten sillack. Its other names 
in Northern Sweden are Smdling ( Smarting ) and Robb- 
oxen , a word which reminds us of Rceputsclika, the 
current name for the species in Western Russia, the 
Livonian Repsen , the Esthonian Rcebus. 
THE GWYNIAD (sw. siren). 
COREGONUS LAVARETUS c 
Plate XLII, figs. 3 and 4. 
Tip of the snout more or less deep , truncate or conical, the depth ( the breadth of the inter maxillaries in a vertical 
direction) being more than 2 / 5 of the breadth across the articular knobs of the maxillaries. Point of the lower jaw 
not projecting beyond the tip of the snout. Length of the maxillaries more than tivice their breadth. 
R. hr. (7)8—9(10); D. — 1 — [(12)13 — 16(17)]; 
(9)10— 12 L v yj, 
A. (2)3 ~ 4 [13 — 16(17)] : P. 1 ; V. — ; 
10— 13(14) l j (12 — 13)14 — 16(17) (9)10—11(12) 
9 — 1 1 
C. x + 1 4- 17 + 1 + x\ Lin. lat. (72)75—100(106); L. tr. 1 ; 
v 8—9(10) 
Vert. 624 
Syn. Lavaret , Belon, Nat., Div. Poiss ., p. 278. Lavaretus + Bezola 
+ Farra (1. Ferra 1. Pala), Rondel., Univ. Aquat. Hist., 
part. II, pp. 162 — 164 + Oxyrynchus (p. p.), p. 195. Albula 
nobilis + parva, Gesn., Hist. Anim., lib. IV, pp. 33 et 34. 
Albula nobilis, Schonev., Ichthyol. Slesv. Hols., p. 12. Gui- 
niad , Willughb., Hist. Pise., p. 183. Coregonus maxilla 
superiore longiore plana, pinna dorsi ossiculorum quatuordecim, 
Art., Ichthyol., Gen. Pise., p. 10; Syn. Pise., p. 19; Descr. 
Spec. Pise., p. 37; Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. I, p. 118; Gisleh, 
Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1753, p. 195. Coregonus maxilla superiore 
longiore conica, Art., Gen., p. 10; Syn., p. 21. 
Salmo Lavaretus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 310; 
Ascan., Icon. Per. Natur., call. Ill, p. 6, tab. XXX; Bl., 
Fisch. Deutschl., part. I, p. 163, tab. XXV (4 -Salmo Thy- 
mallus latus, p. 170, tab. XXVI + Salmo Marcena, p. 172, 
tab. XXVII 4- Salmo Wartmanni, part. Ill, p. 161, tab. CV); 
Retz., Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 348; Pall., Zoogr. Ross. Asiat., 
tom. Ill, p. 395 (+ Muksun, p. 398 + Polcur , p. 400); 
Nilss. ( Coregonus ), Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 15; Yarr., 
Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. II, p. 142; Kr., Damn. Fisk., vol. Ill, 
p. 55; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XXI, p. 466 ( + 
Cor. Palea, p. 477 4- Cor. Reisingeri , p. 496 + Cor. Nilsoni, 
p. 497 4 Cor. sikus, p. 500); Nilss.,' Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 
458; Wdgrn, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forb. 1862, p. 583 (+ Cor. 
megalops, p. 589); Mgrn, Finl. Fiskfn., p. 49 ( + Cor. Wide- 
greni , p. 52); Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mtts.. Fish., vol. VI, p. 178 
(+ Cor. lapponicus, p. 181 4- Cor. gracilis, p. 182 + Cor. 
richardsonii, p. 185 + GW. maxilla ns, p. 189 4- Cor. humilis, 
p. 190); Coll., Forh. Vid Selsk. Chrnia 1874, Tilhngsh., 
° Benecke reckoned 10,000 to each female and estimated their diameter at about 2 mm., assumably in large specimens. 
6 Cf. Smitt, Rilcsmuseets Salmonider, tab. metr. VIII, Coreg. No. 46. 
i: The name is Old French from the neighbourhood of Geneva, and is derived by Rondelet from laser, to wash: “quod nurnquam 
sordidus sit, sed bene ablutus sit, ob munditiem et candorem nomen habere videtur.” 
e 58 — 62, according to Gunther; 60 — 62, according to Kroyek; 57 — 64, according to Fatio. 
