GWYNIAD. 
899 
p. 166; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 89; Id., N. Mag. Naturv., Bd. 
29, p. 108; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fa ., p. 546; Feeders., Naturh. 
Tidskr. Kblivti, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 79; Smitt, Intern. Fisch. 
Ausst. Berlin 1880, Scliwed. Kat., p. 17; Bncke, Fisch., 
Fischer., Fischz. 0 ., IV. Preass., p. 150; Mela, Vert. Fenn., 
p. 347, tab. X ( + Cor. Nordmcmni , p. 350); Smitt, Ofvers. 
Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1882, No. 8, p. 37 : Gt. Intern. Fish. Exhib. 
Loudon 1883, Swed. Cat., p. 188; Norb., Handl. Fislcev., 
Fiskafv., p. 404; M5 b., Hoke, Fisch. Osts ., p. 131; Smitt, 
Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 21, No. 8 (1885), p. 248; Bncke 
in M. v. d. Borne, Hcmdh. Fischz., Fischer.., p. 144; Lill.t., 
Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, p. 733. 
Salmo Oxyrinchus, Lin., Syst., 1. c., p. 311; Pall., 1. c., p. 
403 (? + Salmo microstomas, p. 405); Nilss. ( Covegonus ), 
Prodr., p. 14; Ekstr., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1834, p. 12; Ivr., 
1. c., p 76; Cuv., Val. ( oxyrliynclius ), 1. c., p. 488 ( + Cor. 
conorhynchus, p. 485); Nilss., Fa., 1. c., p. 453; Sund., 
Stockli. L. Hush.-Sallsk. Handl. 1855, pp. 81 et 90; Lloyd, 
Scaucl. Adceut., vol. I, p. 129; Wdgrn, 1. o., p. 577; Sieb., 
Siisswasserf. Mitteleur ., p. 259 ( + Cor. Marcena , e Bl., p. 
263); Gthr, 1. c., p. 173 ( + Cor. Lloydii, p. 174); v. Bemm. 
in Hericlots, Bouicst. Fa. Nederl. , part. Ill, p. 386; Coll., 
1. c., 1874, p. 165; Malm, 1. c., p. 544; Winter, Naturh. 
Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 44; Fedders., ibid., p. 
80; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 126, tab. CXXI, 
fig. 2; Norb., 1. c., p. 406; M6 b., Hcke, 1. c., p. 130; 
Bncke (M. v. d. Borne), 1. c., p. 143. 
Coregonus clupeoicles, Lacep., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. V, p. 
697; Gthr, 1. e., p. 188; Day, 1. c., p. 127, tab. CXXII 
= Cor. La Cepedei, Paiin., Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. I (1838), 
p. 162 cum fig. (+ Cor. microcephalus , p. 163 cum fig.); 
Yarr., 1. e., p. 151. 
Coregonus Fera, Jur. Mem. Soc. Phys., D’Hist. Nat., Geneve, 
tom. Ill, part. I, p. 190, tab. 7 (+ Cor. liiemalis , p. 200, 
tab. 8); Rapp, Jabresb. Ver. Vater. Naturk. Wiirtemb., Jahrg. 
X, p. 154, tab. VI (+ Cor. Wartmanni, e Bl., p. 148, 
tab. V + Cor. acronius, p. 158); Sieb., 1. c., p. 251 ( + Cor. 
Wartmanni, e Bl., p. 243 + Cor. hiematis , e Jur., p. 254); 
Lunel, Hist. Nat. Poiss. Bass. Lem., p. 106, tab. XI ( + 
Cor. liiemalis , e Jur., p. 114, tab. XII). 
Coregonus generosus, Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 
1874, p. 790. 
Coregonus macrophthalmus , Nusslin, Zool. Anz., Jahrg. V (1882), 
p. 164 = Cor. exiguus, Klunz., Jahresb. Ver. vat. Naturk. 
Wilrttemb., Jahrg. 40 (1884), pp. 110 et 117. 
Coregonus Sulzeri, NOssl., 1. c., p. 253. 
Coregonus dispersus (■= Cor. Wartmanni, e Bl., + Cor. an- 
nectus + Cor. exiguus, e Klunz.) + Cor. balleus (= Cor. 
Asperi + Cor. Scliinzii + Cor. acronius, e Rapp + Cor. hie- 
malis, e Jur.) 4- Cor. Suidteri , Fatio, Fn. Vert. Suisse, 
vol. V, p. 67, cett. 
Ada. De synonymis atnericanis, quum speciinina piscium pau- 
ciora solum vidi, hierco quid dicam. Vix tamen Coregonum 
album (Le Sueur, Richardson, vide Fn. Bor. Airier., part. Ill, 
p. 195, tab. 89, fig. 2 = (dor. clupeiformem , Mitch., vide 
Jordan et Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 299) 
a lavareto pycnocentro nostro diversum credam; neque Core- 
a See Underd. Bet. Forsl. Ny Fiskeristadga 1883, p. 159. 
6 See Smitt, Riksm. Salmon., 1. c., tab. IV, fig. 65. 
c Smitt, 1. c., tab. VI, figg. 98 et 99. 
d Prosopittm, Milner. 
gonus quadrilateralis (Rich., 1. e., p. 204, tab. 89, fig. 1) 
a polcure 1. brachymystace nostro differre videtur. 
The Gwyniad with its numerous variations has 
proved no less troublesome to the systematist than the 
Salmon. A great proportion of the names enumerated 
above have been applied, we may almost saw, in- 
discriminately, for though different forms have, no 
doubt, been distinguished — and these in many localities 
very well marked — their natural relations to each 
other have not been understood. 
The Gwyniad is so like the Vendace in most essen- 
tial respects that a detailed description is unnecessary. 
The most striking difference lies in the form of the snout, 
and the cause of this difference, the shape and position 
of the intermaxillaries, ive have already investigated. 
But the Gwyniad attains a much greater size than the 
Vendace. In Lake Superior Gwyniad weighing 23 lbs. 
(nearly 107 a kilo.) are taken, and in Sweden" the Gwy- 
niad attains a length of about 9 dcm. and a weight of 
about 6 V 3 kilo. Specimens of this size are, however, 
restricted to the northern provinces, the Baltic, and 
the largest lakes, as for instance Wener and Wetter; 
in the smaller lakes, where it is more or less entirely 
landlocked, it is always of less considerable dimen- 
sions, hardly larger than the largest. Vendace, and 
retains more or less of the characters of youth. Merely 
from this we can gather that the Gwyniad’s true home 
lies in the north and in salt water, as well as in the 
rivers flowing into the sea.. 
To gain a correct understanding of the relations 
between the numerous forms in which the Gwyniad 
appears under different conditions in Scandinavian wa- 
ters, it is necessary to include in the comparison at 
least two of the Siberian forms that, belong to the same 
series of development. Both these forms were suspected 
by Pallas, who first, described them, to be identical in 
species with our common Gwyniad; but one of them, 
the muksun b , shows the development of the type to the 
greatest size of body conjoined with a persistency of the 
resemblance to the Vendace, while the other, the polcur c , 
represents the opposite extreme in the evolution of the 
type, being approximated to the so-called tscliir ( Salmo 
- Coregonus d — nasus, Pall.), which is principally di- 
stinguished by its short and deep (high) maxillaries. 
