GWYNIAD. 
907 
line! that, where a change of growth is clearly defined 
in tendency, the fetsik ( Lavnretus ), at the same size as 
the bldsik , has attained a more advanced development. 
The sexual differences show that in the males the 
length of the abdominal part is generally less than in 
the females, the anal tin thus beginning comparatively 
farther forward, and the snout broader but longer, the 
males being thus ranged as representatives of the 
earliest developmental stages of the type. In the dif- 
ferences of sex, which may easily be traced in the 
above table, the bldsikur , however, often follow a dif- 
ferent rule from the fetsikcir, and consequently, when 
the former become manocentrous, or the latter pycno- 
centrous, the general rule for the sexual difference is 
commonly reversed, a circumstance which most readily 
suggests the presence of hybridism". 
Guided by the alterations of development and the 
differences of sex included in the preceding table, ive 
may easily explain the form-series, as it appears in 
the following table of averages: 
. 
to 
O 
Nilssonii 
Wortmanni 
Lavaretus 
O 
Microps 
S to 
Average 
gT* 
1 ^ 
s* 
Co 
I 
Co‘ 
pycno- 
centrus. 
e> _ 
c* 2 
s 0 
pycno- 
centrus. 
mano- 
centrus. 
3 
pycno- 
centrus. 
O -o 
S. ® 
g O 
Cl" 
§* O 
^ 1 
Cl K>, 
g 0 
maiio- 
ccntrus. 
C 
Cl 
1 ! 
1 
Number of specimens measured. 
7 
6 
17 
33 
4 
17 
15 
5 
24 
101 
14 
5 
18 
14 
6 
Length of the body expressed in millimetres 
420 
358 
192 
234 
182 
235 
285 
371 
297 
244 
349 
383 
371 
325 
321 
Number of gill-rakers on the first left branchial arch... 
53 
45 
32 
35 
27 
32 
24 
28 
34 
25 
29 
34 
25 
21 
19 
Length of the head in % of the length of the 
body 
21.4 
19.5 
19.9 
20 . 0 
20.4 
19.9 
19.3 
22.o 
19.6 
19.9 
17.9 
18.8 
19.7 
19.4 
17.4 
,, ,, reduced. ,, „ ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 
15.8 
14.4 
15.o 
14.8 
15.2 
15.0 
14.3 
I 6.1 
14. c 
14.9 
13.i 
13.8 
14.5 
ll.i 
12.6 
Distance between the dorsal fin and the tip of 
the snout „ ,, „ „ „ 
41.8 
44.4 
43.6 
43.4 
43.4 
43.2 
44.1 
46.4 
43.9 
43.7 
43.2 
43.9 
44.9 
43.7 
41.9 
Base of the dorsal fin ,, „ ,, ,, „ „ „ 
5 , 
11.7 
11.7 
11.0 
ll.i 
10.8 
11.2 
11.3 
10.9 
11.4 
ll.i 
10.9 
11.6 
10.8 
11.7 
12.7 
Height ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ?? ?? 
„ 
15.2 
16.2 
15.2 
15.7 
16.9 
13.3 
15.o 
I 6.0 
15.3 
14.8 
13.i 
ll.i 
15.2 
17.9 
16.9 
Length of the pectoral fins. „ „ ,, „ ,, ,, „ 
15.o 
15.4 
14.2 
14.7 
15.o 
15.3 
14.3 
15.7 
14.6 
14.3 
13.3 
13 9 
15.2 
14.6 
15.i 
Preabdominal length ,, „ „ „ „ 
„ 
2G.7 
29.3 
28.o 
27.9 
26.o 
28.6 
28.6 
31.5 
28.9 
28.5 
31.i 
29.6 
24.9 
28.g 
28.4 
Distance between the ventral fins and the tip of 
the snout „ „ ,, „ 
47.3 
48.9 
47.3 
47.2 
46.i 
47.5 
47.7 
52.3 
48.3 
48.2 
48.5 
47.3 
49.2 
47.9 
46.i 
Length of the ventral fins ,, ,, „ ,, „ ,, „ 
„ 
14.4 
14.7 
13.9 
14.4 
14.6 
14.3 
13.5 
14.3 
ll.i 
13.7 
12.7 
13.3 
ll.i 
14.8 
14.6 
Postabdominal length ,, „ „ 
„ 
26.2 
25.8 
24.8 
25.6 
25.7 
25.6 
26.o 
23.2 
25.5 
25.3 
25.8 
26.3 
25.5 
26.2 
27.7 
Distance between the anal fin and the tip of 
the snout ,, „ „ „ ,, „ 
72.5 
73.0 
70.5 
71.i 
72.0 
71.6 
72.5 
73.8 
72.6 
72.3 
72.7 
72.7 
73.3 
72.s 
72.4 
Base of the anal fin. „ „ „ ,, „ „ ,, 
' „ 
10.5 
ll.i 
11.8 
11.8 
11.6 
ll.i 
11.0 
10 . G 
11.0 
10.9 
10.5 
ll.i 
10.7 
11.2 
11.5 
Height ,5 ,, ,, ,, ,, 5 , ,, 5 , ,, ,5 55 
„ 
10.9 
10.2 
9.8 
10.4 
10.5 
10.1 
9.7 
11.1 
9.9 
9.5 
8.5 
9.5 
10. 0 
11.6 
11.2 
Dorsal margin of the peduncle of the tail „ „ „ „ ,, „ „ 
,, 
9.5 
9.5 
9.2 
9.4 
9.7 
9.4 
8.9 
7.9 
8.7 
9.3 
9.7 
8.5 
8.8 
9.1 
8.4 
Length ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, — ,, ,, ,, ,, ?? 55 ,5 
„ 
13.4 
13.2 
13.8 
13.2 
14.o 
13.3 
13.2 
12.5 
13.5 
13.3 
13.8 
13.3 
12.9 
13.i 
12.8 
Ventral margin „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
8.9 
8.6 
9.3 
9.0 
9.4 
9.3 
8.8 
7.9 
8.6 
9.0 
9.6 
8.7 
8.3 
8.0 
8.1 
Least depth ,5 .5 55 ,, ,, 55 55 55 55 ?? ?? ?? 
9? 
7.3 
7.8 
6.7 
7.3 
7.2 
7.1 
7.0 
7.2 
7.1 
6.9 
6.5 
7.2 
7.2 
8.0 
7.8 
Length of the middle caudal rays „ „ ,, „ „ ,, „ 
n 
5.2 
5.2 
5.3 
5.8 
5.6 
5.8 
5.2 
6.1 
5.4 
5.6 
4.8 
4.9 
5.4 
5.4 
5.6 
„ „ „ longest rays in the upper caudal lobe „ „ „ ,, ,, „ „ 
„ 
17.0 
18.5 
18.6 
19.3 
19.3 
19.o 
18.3 
18.8 
17.9 
I 8.1 
15.6 
17.3 
17.3 
19.i 
I 8.1 
?? ?? ?? snout 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 
head 
27.0 
25.7 
24.5 
24.9 
24.1 
25.2 
25.7 
28.i 
26.4 
26.4 
26.9 
27.o 
28.i 
27.1 
25.7 
Longitudinal diameter of the eves „ „ „ ,, ,, ,, ,, 
n 
16.2 
18.4 
25.5 
23.6 
26.3 
23.1 
21.2 
19.4 
20.n 
22 2 
19.o 
18-3 
18.2 
19.6 
20.5 
\ ertical ,, ,, ,, ,, 55 55 55 .5 55 55 55 
„ 
14.0 
I 6.0 
21.8 
20.4 
23.0 
19.9 
I 8.0 
17.o 
18.3 
19.7 
16.7 
16.4 
15.7 
17.8 
I 8.1 
Breadth of the snout at the rostral protuberances .. „ „ ,, „ „ „ ,, 
18.0 
16.4 
16.5 
16.6 
16.5 
15.5 
15.1 
20.3 
15.6 
16.2 
16.9 
16.7 
15.9 
I 6.0 
14.6 
Depth ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, .. ,, 55 ,5 ,5 55 55 55 
10.5 
9.3 
9.2 
9.3 
9.4 
9.9 
10.1 
13.9 
11.6 
11.2 
12.2 
11.3 
12.7 
12.3 
12.6 
Breadth of the forehead at the middle of the eyes.. „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
9J 
27.8 
30.6 
30.i 
30.2 
31.2 
29.6 
29.3 
30.1 
29.0 
29.4 
31.5 
31.4 
29.0 
32.1 
31.3 
Length of the maxillaries - „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
9» 
31.7 
27.8 
27.9 
27.6 
28.i 
28.i 
27.3 
32.3 
27.8 
28.i 
27.6 
27.1 
28.6 
26.7 
24.2 
„ lower jaw ., „ „ „ 
9 9 
44.8 
44.4 
44.7 
44.7 
43.o 
44.2 
42.o 
41.7 
43.4 
42.4 
41.7 
40.9 
40.9 
38.7 
36. g 
„ suboperculum „ „ „ „ „ ,, „ 
„ 
29.3 
29.5 
30.1 
30 . 0 
31.8 
29.9 
29.9 
28.0 
29.i 
29.5 
29.9 
29.4 
28.6 
30.3 
30.5 
Vertical diameter of the eyes in % of the length of the head reduced 
19.i 
21.6 
28. s 
27.1 
30.9 
26.2 
24.1 
23.2 
24.5 
26.5 
22.6 
22.3 
21.9 
24.3 
24.8 
Depth of the snout at the rostral protuberances „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
99 
14.i 
12.6 
12.1 
12.6 
12.6 
13.i 
13.9 
19.0 
15.6 
15.o 
16.4 
15.4 
16.9 
16.9 
17.4 
Length of the maxillaries , „ „ „ „ „ „ 
43.2 
3 / . G 
36.7 
37.2 
37.7 
37.2 
36.5 
44.1 
37.4 
37.3 
37.5 
36.9 
37.8 
36.5 
33.4 
„ „ lower jaw , „ „ ,, „ ,, „ „ 
99 
60.9 
60.1 
59.1 
60 . 0 
57.7 
58.5 
56.i 
57.1 
56.5 
56.6 
56.5 
55.6 
55.2 
52.9 
50.4 
Least depth of the peduncle of the tail „ ,, „ „ „ „ „ „ 
„ 
46 . 1 
54.2 
44.1 
49.2 
47.8 
47.4 
48.2 
45.2 
48.8 
46.4 
49.0 
52.4 
49.3 
56.2 
61.5 
Breadth of the maxillaries in % of their length 
35.4 
37.4 
35.5 
36.7 
36.o 
36.8 
36.7 
37.5 
37.2 
37.4 
38.8 
38.o 
39.1 
40.5 
40.7 
Depth of the snout at the rostral protuberances in % of its breadth at the same point. 
6 O .1 
56.2 
55.7 
56.0 
57.i 
63.8 
69.i 
68.7 
75.2 
70 . 0 
72.3 
67.9 
79.1 
76.7 
87.i 
„ „ „ „ „ ,, „ „ „ ., „ the length of the maxillaries. 
33.8 
33.6 
33.o 
33.7 
33.4 
35.3 
38.i 
43.6 
42.2 
40.4 
44.0 
41.8 
45.2 
45.9 
52.0 
Length of the head reduced in % of the distance between the dorsal tin ami 
tip of the snout. 
the 
37.7 
33.1 
34.2 
34.3 
35.0 
34.8 
32.7 
34.5 
33.3 
34.0 
30.5 
31.4 
32.5 
32.4 
30.2 
Smitt, 1. c., pp. 281 seqq. 
