PEARL-SIDES. 
931 
in their habits, these fishes closely resemble the small 
Herrings in whose company they are frequently found; 
and they sometimes appear, like the latter, in shoals. 
All of them are small fishes. Most of them belong to 
the Mediterranean, only one species being known from 
the Atlantic; and this is so like one of the Mediter- 
ranean forms that its right to the rank of a separate 
species seems questionable. This same species has also 
been claimed, probably with justice, for the fauna of 
New Zealand. The subfamily has thus an extensive 
geographical range, and probably occurs in other in- 
termediate regions both of the Atlantic and the Pacific. 
Another species, Maurolicus tripunctulatus, described 
by Esmark from the neighbourhood of Madagascar, is 
stated by Lutken" to occur in “Denmark Sound” be- 
tween Iceland and Greenland (66° N. lat. ; 28° W. long.). 
The same peculiarity, the occurrence of a species in 
localities so remote as, on the one hand, the North 
Atlantic and the Mediterranean, on the other, New Zea- 
land, without its being known from intermediate regions, 
we have already observed in the case of Argentina spliy- 
rcena, which also associates with the Herrings. And the 
Herring family, as we shall soon see, contains some of 
the most widely diffused piscine species. 
Genus MAUROLICUS * 6 . 
Snout and forehead forming an unbroken profile, slightly sloping. Tip of the lower jaw prominent. Breadth of 
the maxillaries less than half their length and less than the breadth of the operculum ( measured in the longitudinal 
direction of the body). Jaw-teeth distinct, though small. Pseud obranchice present. Air-bladder wanting c . 
This genus is distinguished, at the first glance, 
from Coccia by the form of the snout, which in the 
latter genus comes nearest that of tschir among the 
Gwyniads, being short and blunt, tumid and truncate. 
With this is connected the form of the maxillaries. 
Coccia, whose gape is thus rendered much smaller, is 
also without true jaw-teeth, these being merely fine 
serrations of the sharp and thin edges of the jaws. In 
Coccia, on the other hand, the luminous spots are more 
numerous: the upper preabdominal row is continued, 
unbroken and dense, on the postabdominal region, the 
row thus containing 25 spots; and on the branchiostegal 
membrane, which behind coalesces so completely with 
the operculum as to be almost indistinguishable there- 
from, Coccia ovata possesses 12 luminous spots. Coccia, 
with its large eyes, which almost touch at the forehead, 
where the interorbital width is extremely small, also 
seems to be a still more marked nocturnal fish. 
BOREAL PEARL-SIDE. 
MAUROLICUS MULLER], 
Plate XLIV, tig. 3. 
Upper row of ventral luminous spots interrupted at the ventral fins and containing 0 or 10 spots between these 
fins and the pectorals. Length of the lower jaw less than 15 % of that of the body, or than 16 % of that of the 
body minus the caudal fin , and the postorbital length of the head more than 3 / 5 of the length of the lower jaw. 
R. br. 10 U D. 
2 1 
A. e — ; P. 
22 (15) 16- 
V. 
-18' 6’ 
C. x -I- 1 + 17 + 1 + x\ Lin. lat. 26 — 28; L. tr. 5; Vert. 32L 
Syn. >Salrno inaxillis edentatis, inferiore longiore; ventre punctato, 
Mull., Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 49. 
a Vid. Meddel. Naturli. For. Kblivn 1891, p. 211. 
6 Cocco, N. Ann. Sc. Nat. (Bologna), Ann. I, tom. II (1838), p. 192 (p. 32, sep.) — “segnalato col nome di un celebre letterato 
siciliano” (Bonap.). 
c According to Gunther. 
d 9, according to Nilsson, Prodr.; 8, according to Observ. Ichthyol.; 8 or 9, according to Gunther. 9 or 10(?), according to Kroyer. 
e A. 26 — 33, according to Day. 
J According to Day. 
