ARCTIC SCOPELUS. 
941 
tween each pair of spots in the row at the base of the 
anal tin, there follows, on each side of the lower caudal 
margin, a row of 5 spots, both rows approaching each 
other behind; and after new interruptions there lie, on 
each side of the lower caudal margin, one spot just in 
front of the foremost supporting ray of the caudal tin, 
two at the side of the 4th — 7th supporting rays, and 
one at the middle of the base of the lower caudal lobe". 
The Greater Scopelus is a rare species, of which, 
wherever it has appeared, only solitary individuals have 
been found. It has most frequently been met with in 
Trondhjem Fjord, most often in two inlets, Orkedal 
Fjord and Gulos, that run south, with a common en- 
trance west of Trondhjem, from the main fjord, where 
only one specimen has been taken, at Iiissen, a little 
more to the west. All the five specimens secured by 
Storm in the winter of 1879 — 80 and the summer of 
1881 measured 1 4 x / 2 cm - i* 1 length, and were taken in 
Herring-nets. Further south, in the Skager Rack, two 
specimens have been found. Ekstrom received the one 
(Malm’s Scopelus Kroyerii) in April, 1856, from a fisher- 
man who had found it in the stomach of a Cod taken 
on a long-line near the Skaw. The other specimen 
was procured at Stromstad by Baron Ckdkrstrom in 
April, 1870, and forwarded by him to the Royal Mu- 
seum; it had been taken in the same manner in Roster 
Fjord. On the Atlantic coast of Europe the Greater 
Scopelus has never been met with further south, though 
it seems to be one of the Herring’s companions, and 
might consequently be expected to occur there as well. 
South of the Herring’s geographical range, however, it has 
been found in the Mediterranean (off Sicily, from which 
locality it was first described, by Costa; and off Nice, as 
described by Steindachner), off Madeira (according to 
Johnson), and in the Gulf of Guinea (according to Gun- 
ther); but as yet it must be reckoned everywhere among 
the rarest fishes. In its manner of life, which is other- 
wise unknown, it probably resembles Maurolicus Muller '/. 
THE ARCTIC SCOPELUS. 
M YCTOPHUM GLACIALE. 
Fig. 235. 
Base of the dorsal fin shorter than that of the anal , and less than l f of the length of the body. Length of the 
pectoral fins greater than that of the centred , than either the preabdominal length or the postabdominal, and more 
than 4 / 5 of the length of the maxillaries, which is perceptibly less than half of the distance between the dorsal fin 
and the tip of the snout. Longitudinal diameter of the eyes more than half (> 2 / 3 ?) of the postorbital length of 
the head, which is less than 3 / 5 of its entire length. Least depth of the tail less than 8 % of the length of the 
body, or than Vs of the greatest depth of the latter. Scales of the lateral line perceptibly larger than the others. 
Fig. 235. Myctoplmm glaciate , together with the under surface of its lower jaw. Natural size. From Hardanger Fjord. 
Specimen in the possession of Bergen Museum. 
R. hr. 8 ; D. : Ac b P. V.~; C. <c + 2 + 17 + 2 + *; 
Lin. lat. 36; Lin. tr. —1; Vert. 36°. 
4 
Syn. (?) Labrus exoletus , Fabr., Fna Groenl., p. 166 (vide Jor- 
gensen, apud Kroy.). 
i S copelus glacialis, Reinh., Vid. Selsk. Naturv., Math. Afh., vol. 
VI, p. CX; vol. VII, p. 126; Kr. in Gaim., Voy. Scand., 
a Just in front of each eye, within the orbit, lies a light-coloured mass, with black limits, and similar to a luminous spot, though it 
is perhaps simply analogous to the growth of adipose membrane common in the Salmons and Herrings. To avoid damaging the specimen, 
we have refrained from examining this mass. It calls to mind, however, the large, composite luminous organ that appears on the snout of 
Scopelus metopoclampus etc. 
6 A. 16, according to Day. 
c According to Kroyer. 
