960 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Averages in the Baltic Herring {Stromming ; Clupea harengus, var. membras ). 
c? 
9 
Number of specimens measured 
Length of the body from the tip of the lower jaw to the end of the caudal lobes, expressed in millimetres 
35 
212.4 
40 
219.9 
Distance between the dorsal fin and the tip of the lower jaw . 
„ „ „ ventral fins ,, „ „ „ ,, „ „ . 
„ „ „ pectoral fins „ „ „ „ „ „ „ . 
Depth of the body behind the tips of the pectoral fins 
Thickness ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,» - , ,, ,, ,, 
Depth „ „ ,, ,, „ „ „ ,, ventral „ 
Length of the head 
Horizontal diameter of the eye 
Vertical „ „ „ „ 
Interorbital width ... 
Length of the snout 
,, „ upper jaw 
„ „ „ lower 
„ „ „ base of the dorsal fin 
„ „ ,, pectoral fins 
„ „ „ ventral „ 
„ ,, „ base of the anal fin 
% of the length of the body 
77 77 77 77 
77 77 77 77 
7 ? 77 77 77 
77 77 
77 77 
77 77 77 
77 77 77 
77 77 77 77 
44.75 
44.67 
48.71 
48.7 9 
20.64 
20.71 
18.2 7 
17.93 
9.12 
8.90 
15.20 
15.27 
20.81 
20.73 
5.56 
5.42 
5.09 
5.06 
3.54 
3.52 
7.15 
7.21 
8.69 
8.69 
11.25 
11.15 
10.60 
10.71 
13.02 
13.03 
8.39 
8.32 
9.53 
9.56 
In vain do we seek here for any noticeable dif- 
ference between the sexes. All the percentages are the 
same in both columns, except in two instances. The 
depth of the body behind the tips of the pectoral tins 
and its thickness at the same point are somewhat greater 
in the males than in the females. This difference, how- 
ever insignificant it may appear, is of economical im- 
portance, and had in Nilsson’s opinion a zoological 
importance as well. Greater depth and thickness com- 
bined involve greater fleshiness and greater value even 
to the epicure. The most important difference adduced 
by Nilsson between the Norwegian Summer (Autumn 
or Fat) Herring and the Norwegian Spring (Gray-boned") 
Herring, also consisted in the relative depth and thick- 
ness. The same difference appears too between the so- 
called Autumn Stromming and Spring Stromming, on a 
calculation of the averages for these two forms, as far 
as they have been distinguished, in Lundberg’s tables: 
Averages in 
Spring 
Stromming. 
Autumn 
Stromming. 
Number of specimens measured 
23 
29 
Length of the bodv expressed in millimetres ■. 
210.9 
215.5 
Depth of the body behind the tips of the pectoral fins in % of its length 
17.9 
17.7 
thickness ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ?? 77 77 7? 77 77 77 77 77 
9.0 
8.8 
The difference is indeed slight; but here as in the 
preceding table, its course is opposite to that of the 
changes of growth in the Herring, and it is therefore 
not without importance. The Autumn Stromming too 
generally finds a better market than the Spring Strom- 
ming. Nilsson remarked this difference between the 
Kivilt Herring and his Stromming . 
Exactly the same distinction may be traced, how- 
ever, between different takes of the same Herring- 
shoal, netted at the same time, in the one instance 
farther from land and in deeper water, in the other 
nearer shore and in the shallows. This I have shown 
in my report to the Swedish Home Secretary on the 
experiments in drift-net fishing carried out under my 
supervision in Bolnislan during the winter of 1880 — 
81. From the measurements taken by Mr. Trybom, 
Assistant Inspector of Fisheries, I calculated the follow- 
ing averages. 
The word in the original ( grabenssill ) really means, according 
to Ljungman, grofbenssill , i. e. coarse-boned Herring. 
