HERRING-FISHES. 
979 
THE PILCHARD OR SARDINE. 
CLUPEA PILCHARDUS. 
Fig. 246. 
Length of the maxillaries at most about 40 % of that of the head. Longitudinal diameter of the eges at least 
about 60 %, least depth of the tail at least about 80 %, length of the suboperculum at the suture with the oper- 
culum at least about 55 %, of the length of the maxillaries. Scales comparatively large , their number in a lon- 
gitudinal row on the sides of the body at most, about 30. 
9 o 9 3 i 
R. hr. 7 “; D. — — —(17—18); A. (17 — 18 6 ); P. -; 
14— 15 v 14— 16 v 15—16’ 
V. — ; G. x + 1 + 17 +A+x\ L. lat. 28 — 30; L. tr. 8 — 10; Vert. 
50—53. 
Clupea sprattus, Brunn., Ichthyol. Massil., p. 82. 
Ulupea sardina, Cuv., R'egne Atiim., ed. 2, tom. II, p. 319 
(+ Cl. pilchardus, ibid.); Mob. ( Alosa ), Hist. Nat. Poiss. 
Fr., tom. Ill, p. 458. 
Syn. Sardines ou Celerins , Belon, Nat., Dio. Poiss., p. 167. 
Harengus minor sive Pilchardus, Willughb., Hist. Pise., p. 
223, tab. P, 1, fig. 1. 
Clupea Pilchardus, Walb., Ichthyol. Art., pt. Ill {Gen. Pise.), 
p. 38 (varietatem Clupece harengi dixit); Bl., Naturg. Ausl. 
Fisch., pt. IX, p. 40, tab. CCCCVI; Yarr., Hist. Brit. 
Fish., ed. 1, vol. II, p. 96; Cuv., Val. ( Alausa ), Hist. 
Nat. Poiss., vol. XX, p. 445, tab. 605; Nilss. {Clupea), 
Skand. Fna, Fisk., p. 522; Kr., Tidskr. Fisk. Kbhvn, 
Aarg. 2 (1868), p. 71; Steind., Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 
LVII, i (1868), p. 738; Gthe, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. 
VII, p. 439; Coll., Forh. Vid. Sels. Chrnia 1874, Tillcegsh., 
p. 194; Cederstr., Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forli. 1876, No. 4, 
p. 66; 1879, No. 2, p. 62; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fna, p. 
585; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel ., vol. II, p. 224, tab. 
CXXXIX, fig. 1; Bncre {Alosa), Handb. Fischz., Fischer. 
(M. v. d. Borne), p. 170; Lillj. {Clupea), Sv., Norg. 
Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 106. 
The Pilchard is a more terete fish than the Her- 
ring, but is otherwise similar in form. It is inferior 
to the Herring in size; but in this respect a distinction 
has long been maintained between two forms, the Me- 
diterranean, which is the smaller, being about as large 
as the lott-sill (small Herring) of Bohusl&n or the com- 
mon Stockholm Stromming, and which is known by 
preference as the Sardine, and the Atlantic Pilchard, 
which attains, according to Cornish c , a length of at 
least 3 dm., according to I)uNN d , of 3 1 / 2 dm., including 
the whole caudal tin. In Sweden only adult specimens 
have been met with, the largest 'measuring 285 mm. 
in length (Malm), the smallest 218 mm. 
“ 6 — 8, according to Day. 
* 19 — 21, according to Gunther; 21, according to Lilljeborg. 
c Zoologist, 1879, p. 62. 
d In Day, 1. c., p. 230. 
