1098 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE STING-RAY (sw. spjutrockan). 
TRYGON PASTINACA. 
Figs. 313 and 314. 
Tail, which occupies about half ( in the young rather more than half) the length of the body, furnished both above 
and below with a shallow dermal fold, the upper, however, insignificant. Length of the disk about 80 — 85 % 
(88 %) of its breadth. Tip of the snout more or less obtuse, lateral tips of the disk (of the pectoral fins) 
rounded. Ventral fins rectangular, with the inner posterior angle strongly rounded. 
Length of the head (from the tip of the snout) to 
the occiput about 2 /s (37 — 40 %), to the first gill- 
opening somewhat more than 7s (34 — 36 %), of that 
of the disk. Length of the snout (from the anterior 
mouth. Skin of young specimens entirely smooth, of 
old often tuberculated in the median line of the back 
and above the shoulder-girdle. Coloration above of a 
grayish or brownish yellow, or darker, of a blackish 
Fig. 313. Trygon pastinaca, $. nat. size. From Mount Kullen, July 24th, 1849. Baron Gyllenstjerna. The property of the 
Museum of Lund. 
margin of the eyes) about V 3 of the former length of 
the head. Nasal valvule, which is attached by a nar- 
row frenum almost throughout its length, of a rect- 
angular form, about twice as broad as long", and its 
breadth at the base somewhat greater than the width 
of the mouth. Greatest depth of the body (the thick- 
ness at the shoulder-girdle) somewhat less than half 
the length of the head to the occiput. Teeth of the 
upper jaw, with thimble-like indentations on their sur- 
face, set in about 20 — 30 rows directed obliquely back- 
wards. .Distance of the caudal spine from the root of 
the tail about equal to the length of the head. Breadth 
of the tail at the base about equal to the width of the 
green, in front grayish, in the young sometimes spotted 
with white; under surface of a dirty white. 
Byn. Pastinaca, la Pastenade de mer, cm Tourterelle, ou Tareronde, 
Belon, Nat., Div. Poiss., p. 82. Pastinaca marina Oxy- 
rinchos, Sghonev., Ichthyol. Slesv. Hols., p. 58. Raja cor- 
pore glabro, aculeo longo auterius serralo in cauda apterygia, 
Art., Ichthyol,., Gen. Pise., p. 71; Syn., p. 100. 
Raja Pastinaca , Lin., Byst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 232; 
Penn., Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776), tom. Ill, p. 83; Retz., Fna 
Suec. Lin., p. 304; Donov., Brit. Fish., tab. XCIX; Cuv. 
{Trygon), R'egn. Anim., ed. I, tom. II, p. 136; Nilss. {Raja), 
Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 120; Parn. {Trygon), Mem. 
Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. VII, p. 440; Bonap., Iconogr. 
Fna Ital., Pesci, tab. 156; Nordm. in Demid., Voy. Russ. 
Mer., tom. Ill, p. 549; Mull., Hle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiost., 
p. 161; Ekstr., Gbgs Vet., Vitt. Samh. Hand!., Ny Tidsf.. 
Length of the nasal valvule 48 — 56 % of its breadth at the base. 
