1154 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE ROUGH HOUND. 
SCYLLIORHINUS CANICULA. 
Plate LI, fig. 4. 
Nasal valvules in front of the mouth almost confluent , forming a broad dermal fold interrupted only for a very 
short distance at the middle. Length of the head about 12 1 / 2 — l3 1 / 2 % of that of the body and. less than the 
distance between the anterior margins of the two dorsal fins. Distance between the pectoral fins and the tip of 
the snout about 1 / 3 (31 — 37 ?6) of that between the first dorsal and the same point,. Distance between the ventral 
fins and the tip of the snout about i / 5 (77 — 83 %) of that between the first dorsal and the same point and less 
than that between the latter fin and the eyes. Inner posterior corner of the ventral fins acutely elongated , the 
two fins coalescent behind in the males. Length of the base of the anal fin about 3 / 4 — i j 5 (71— 83 %) of the 
distance between the two dorsal fins. Length of the caudal fin from the beginning of the inferior lobe less than 
7 4 (21 — 24 %) of the length of the body. Greatest depth of the body about 8 x / 2 — 11 %, least depth , in front of 
the caudal fim, about 3 — 3 3 / 4 %, of the length of the body. Coloration above russet , on the sides grayish yellow, 
paling downwards towards the white ventral side. Fins more or less reddish. Body more or less densely strewn 
above and on the sides, as well as the fins (the paired ones only on the upper surface), with roundish brown 
spots, densest but smallest on the head and bach, more scattered but larger (though not so large as the gill-open- 
ings) on the sides of 
Syn. Galeus stellaris major , Belon., Nat., Div. Poiss., p. 64. Cani- 
cula Aristotelis, Rondel., De Pise., p. 380. Catulus major 
vulgaris ($ adult.) + Catulus minor (juv. et o 71 ), Willughb., 
Hist. Pise., pp. 62 et 64. Catulus major vulgaris 4- C. 
minor vulgaris, Ray, Syn. Meth. Pise., p. 22. Squalus ex 
rufo varius, Pinna ani medio inter anum et caudam pinnatam 
+ Squ. dorso vario; Pinnis ventralibus concretis, Art., Ich- 
thyol., Gen. Pise., pp. 68 et 69; Syn. Pise., p. 97. Spotted 
Dog Fish + Lesser Spotted Dog Fish, Penn., Brit. Zool., vol. 
Ill (ed. 1776), pp. 99 et 101, tab. XIX. 
Squalus Canicula, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 234; 
Gmel., ed. XIII, p. 1490; Retz., Fna Suec. Lin., p. 305; 
Blainv. ( Scylliorhinus ), Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 121; 
Cuv. ( Scyllium , subg.), R'egn. Anim., ed. I, tom. II, p. 124; 
Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Seand., p. 113; Bonap. ( Scyllium ), 
Iconogr. Fna Ital., tab. 131, fig. 1; Mull., Hle, Plagiost., 
p. 6, tab. 7; Ku., Damn. Fish., vol. Ill, p. 814; Nilss., 
Skand. Fna, Fisk., p. 710; Thomps., Nat. Hist. Irel ., vol. 
IV, p. 247 ; Dum., Hist. Nat. Poiss. (su. a Buff.), tom. I, 
p. 315; Barb. Boc., Cap., Peix. Plagiost. Port., p. 11; 
Fedders., Tidsskr. Fisk. Kbhvn, Aarg. 2 (1868), p. 123; 
Aarg. 4 (1870), p. 339; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. 
VIII, p. 402; V. Ben., Poiss. Belg. (Mem. Acad. Sc. Belg., 
tom. XXXVIII), p. 3; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Chrnia 1874, 
Tillaegsh., p. 210; 1879, No. 1, p. 104; N. Mag. Naturv. 
Chrnia, Bd. 29, p. 116 ; Malm, £)f vers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1875, 
No. 10, p. 33; Gbgs, Boh. Fna, p. 619; Winth., Naturh. 
Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 57; Mor., Hist. Nat. 
Poiss. Fr., tom. I, p. 278; Doderl., Man. Ittiol. Medit., 
fasc. II, p. 24; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 309, 
tab. CLIX, fig. 1 ; Petersen, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. 
Kbhvn 1884, p. 160; Lill.t., Sv., Norg. Fna, Fisk., vol. 
Ill, p. 645; Car., Prodr. Fnce Medit., vol. II, p. 508. 
Squalus Catulus, Lin., 1. c., p. 235; Brunn., Ichth. Massil., 
p. 5; Bl., Naturg. Ausl. Fisch., pt. I, p. 21, tab. CXIV ; 
he body and the fins. 
Donov., Brit. Fish., tab. LV; Blainv. ( Scylliorhinus ), Fne 
Franc., Poiss., p. 69, tab. 17, fig. 1 (+var. Sc. Canicula, 
p. 71). 
Rough Hound, Couch, Hist. Fish. Brit. Isl., vol. I, p. 14, 
tab. II. 
Obs. Willughb y and Ray regarded the male and female as 
distinct species. Artedi and Linnaeus were hardly more than copyists 
of their predecessors; but Gmelin, Retzius, and Blainville paved the 
way for a correct apprehension of the case. At present there need 
be no risk of ambiguity in dropping the Linnasan name of Catulus 
here and applying it instead, as Gunnerus has done; to the Black- 
mouthed Dog-fish. 
The Rough Hound never quite attains the maxi- 
mum size of the preceding species. The largest speci- 
mens on record were about 1 in. long (10 1 / g dm. ac- 
cording to Day). The ordinary length of both species 
is, however, the same, 5 — 7 dm. In the terete form of 
the body, anteriorly somewhat depressed, and broadest 
at the posterior part of the head, they are also much 
alike; but the Rough Hound approaches nearer to the 
Black-mouthed Dog-tish in the usually greater elongation 
of the body and the anterior compression of the back. 
The difference in the form and delimitation of the 
nostrils (fig. 337) shows that the Rough Hound comes 
still nearer to those members of the family which are 
yet more singularly equipped in this respect. Not only 
is the outer lobe (lae) at the anterior margin of each 
nostril expanded forwards and prolongated inwards, so 
