SHARKS. 
1163 
THE SAGRE (sw. blakaxan). 
ETMOPTERUS SPINAX. 
Plate LI, fig. 3. 
Skin shagreened with curved , setiform spines , expanding into three or four arms at the base. Coloration above 
blackish blue , underneath coal-black. 
Fig. 340. Teeth and scales of the Sagre ( Etinopterus spinax). a , two teeth from the upper jaw; b, the four middle, longitudinal rows 
of mandibular teeth, removed from the jaw and seen from in front, the descending compensatory teeth being visible through the mucous 
membrane; c, the same rows of teeth, seen from behind (from within); a — c, from a female 42 cm. long, X 4; d and e, scales, anterior 
and lateral aspects, X about 45. 
Syn. Galeus Acanthias seu spinax fttscus , Willugbb., Hist. Pise., 
p. 57. Squalus pinna ani carens; naribus in extremo rostro, 
Art., Ichthyol., Gen. Pise., p. 67 ; Syn. Pise., p. 95. 
Squalus Spinax, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 233 5 
Martin, Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1761, p. 227; Lin., Fna Suec., 
ed. 2, p. 107 ; Gunn. ( Sortliaaen ), Trondhj. Sels. Skr., vol. 
II (1763), p. 313, tab. VIII; Ascan. ( Blaataske ), Icon. 
Rer. Nat., tab. XXXVII; Retz., Fna Suec. Lin., p. 305; 
Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 41; Id. ( Acanthias ), Eur. Me'r ., tom. 
Ill, p. 132; Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scancl., p. 118. 
Etmopterus aculeatus, Rafin., Car. N. Gen., Spec., p. 14, 
tab. XIII, iig. 3. 
Spinax niger, Cloquet, Diet. Sc. Natur., T. I (Suppl.), p. 93; 
Agass., Poiss. Foss., tom. Ill, pp. 61, 93, tabb. A, fig. 3; 
B, figg. 4, 5; Bonap., Iconogr. Fna Ital., Pesci, tab. 141; 
Mull., Hle, Plagiost., p. 86; Kr., Damn. Fisk., vol. Ill, 
p. 893; Nilss., Skand. Fna, Fisk., p. 729; Dum., Hist. 
Nat. Poiss. (N. su. a Buff.), tom. I, p. 441, tab. 4, figg. 
13 et 14; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. VIII, p. 424; 
Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Chrnia 1874, Tillsegsh., p. 212; 
1879, No. 1, p. 104; Gigl., Espos. intern, pesca Berlino 
1880, Sez. Ital., Cat., p. 113; Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., 
tom. I, p. 348; Doderl., Man. Ittiol. Medit., fasc. II, p. 
96; Storm, N. Vid. Selsk. Skr. Trondhj. 1883, p. 44; Car., 
Prodr. Face Medit., vol. II, p. 504. 
Spinax Gunneri, Rhdt, Overs. D. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1824 — 27, 
p. XVI; Coll., N. Mag. Naturv. Chrnia, Bd 29 (1884), p. 
117; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fna, Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 673. 
? Acanthiclium pusillum , Lowe, Fish. Mad., p. 37, tab. VI. 
Spinax Linnei , Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fna, p. 626. 
The Sagre is the smallest European Shark. It 
would scarcely appear to attain a length of half a 
metre: Gunnerus’s largest specimen was “somewhat 
more than half an ell in length” (between 30 and 40 
cm.), and the largest female obtained by Storm from 
Trondhjem Fjord was 47 cm. long. The body is of a 
terete, fusiform shape, with rather indistinct hog-back 
flatly convex on the forepart of the back and on the 
belly, somewhat flattened at the middle of the sides, 
deepest at the first dorsal fin, and gradually passing 
forwards from this point into the flatly depressed snout, 
though with a depression at the occiput, between the 
spiracles, and a corresponding swelling below, at the 
lower jaw and the hyoid bone. The peduncle of the 
a In old females, with belly distended by ova or foetuses, the hog-backed form (rounded triangular section) of the body is more 
pronounced. 
