16 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
JAGO’S GOLDSINNY (sw. stensnultran). 
LABRUS (CTENOLABRUS) RUPESTRIS. 
Plate 1, fig. 2. 
Top of the head naked. Number of scales in the lateral line less than 40. a Above the lateral line not more 
than 4 rows of scales. Inter operculum upwards scaly for the greater part of its length. Cheeks covered ivith 
large scales; 4 or 5 suborbital rows. Number of spinous rays in the anal fin 3. The anal fin so short that the 
least depth of the tail is at least 85 per cent of the base of this finf 
R. hr. 5 ; D. 
17 — IS 
2 + 7 1. 6 ’ 
A 1 
1 + 7 
P. 
12 ’ 
V. 
C. x + 11+ x ; 
L. lat. 36 — 38. 
Syn. Scicena rupestris, Linmius, Mus. Ad. Fr ., I, p. 65, tab. XXXI, 
fig. 7; Id. ( Labrus ), Syst. Nat., ed. X. p. 286; Retzius, 
(Perea), Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 337; Cuvier ( Crenilabrus ), R. 
Anim ., ed. 2, p. 259; Nilsson ( Labrus , Crenilabrus), Prodr. 
Ichth. Scand ., p. 76; Fries et Wright, Scand. Fiskar , ed. 
1, p. 45, tab. 9, fig. 1; Cuv., Val. ( Ctenolabrus ), Hist. Nat. 
Poiss., XIII, p. 223; Krgyer ( Crenilabrus ), Damn. Fiske, 
I, p. 541; Nilsson (Labrus, Ctenolabrus), Skand. Fn., Fisk., 
p.274; Gunther (Ctenolabrus), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., IV, 
p. 89; Collett, Christ. Vid. Selsk. Forli. 1874, Tilltegsh., 
p. 92; Winther, Prodr. Ichth. Dan. mar., Naturh. Tidskr., 
ser. Ill, vol. XII, pag. 26; Day, Fish. G:t Brit., Ire l ., I, 
p. 264, tab. LXXIV ; Lii.ljeborg (Labrus, Ctenolabrus), Sv., 
Norg. Fiskar, I, pag. 442. 
Labrus suillus , Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, p. 285 (ex It. 
W got. p. 179 — Bargsnultra) ; Malm ( Ctenolabrus ), Gbgs, 
Boh. Fn., p. 478. 
Obs. In his Journey through West-Gothland Linnaeus described 
this species for the first time, though under the incorrect provincial 
name Bargsnultra , the Bergsnultra of Bobuslan being really the species 
we have above termed Berggylta. This species on the contrary is 
clearly distinguished from the others by the fishermen of the district 
under a special name (vid. Malm, 1. c.) which is too obscene to be 
quoted, much less retained here. In the tenth edition of his Sy sterna 
Naturae Linnaeus gave this same species the name Labrus suillus; 
but owing to a misprint in the ’Journey through West-Gothland’ the 
mistake has arisen that in the description we have »spinis dorsalibus 
9» instead of 19. This circumstance has made it more difficult to 
recognize Labrus suillus, and has misled Linnaeus himself. In Mus. 
Ad. Frid. he again described this species under the name Sciaena 
rupestris, and in the tenth edition of Syst. Nat. he gives both as 
distinct species of the genus Labrus, without being able to assign 
any habitat to the species he describes under the latter name. Again, 
as StrSm in his ’Description of Sdndmore’ (I, p. 292) referred to 
Linnaeus’s Labrus rupestris , this fish too might have been given as a 
Scandinavian species in the twelfth edition of Syst. Nat. As suillus 
is a later name for the species than rupestris, it is more strictly 
correct to use the latter. In Zoolog. Danica (Tab. 107, Tom. 
3, p. 44) Abildgaard erroneously included this species under the 
genus Perea. This is the reason why Retzius in Fn. Suec. 
quotes the species Labrus suillus from Linnaeus and Perea ru- 
pestris from Abildgaard, though he suspected that they were identic- 
al]} 7 the same. 
The Goldsinny is one of the smallest of the Scandi- 
navian wrasses. The largest specimens we have seen 
measured 170 mm., and the average length is about 
120 mm. The form of the bodv most resembles that 
%> 
of the Scale-rayed or the Ballan Wrasse. The short- 
ness of the anal tin reminds us especially of the latter. 
The length of the head is about 1 / i of the total length 
and is about the same as the greatest depth of the 
body, except of course in the case of females full of 
roe. The lips are shorter than in the Ballan Wrasse 
and not so broad; the upper lip is the thicker and pre- 
sents a truncate appearance, in consequence of which 
the lower part of the upper jaw-bone is clearly visible 
and the corners of the mouth are less distinct. The 
teeth in both jaws are set in a somewhat narrow outer 
row and one or more less regular inner rows, some- 
times roughly resembling the arrangement given in the 
figure of the Scale-rayed Wrasse. The teeth in the 
outer row large and subulate with the points bent in- 
wards, the front ones largest; the inner teeth smaller 
but projecting distinctly above the gum. The eyes of 
middling size, their longitudinal diameter close upon 1 / i 
of the length of the head, and in younger specimens 
equal to the breadth of the forehead, in older ones 2 / 3 of 
that breadth. They are so situated that the line from the 
snout to the middle point of the caudal fin touches the 
lower edge of the pupil. The superior part of the 
interoperculum is almost entirely covered with scales. 
The hind margin of the preoperculum is finely serrated. 
During life however these serrations are not very distinct, 
as long as the bone retains its covering of skin; but if 
this be removed, or if the fish be immersed in alcohol 
or dried for some time, they become distinctly visible. 
a Forty at most, according to Gunther. 
b The least depth of the body in proportion to the base of the anal fin increases with age. In 6 measured specimens the least depth 
of the tail was on an average 93.3 % of the base of the anal fin; the minimum was 85.7 %, the maximum 100 %. 
Occasionally only as in the type-specimen of Linnaeus’s description of the species in Mus. Ad. Frid. 
