54 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE BLACK SEA-BREAM (sw. hafsrudan). 
CANTHARUS LIXEATUS. 
Fig. 14. 
Colouring of the body gray with a blue or greenish lustre , during youth marked with transverse bands. Along 
the middle of the rows of scales run yellowish brown longitudinal streaks , darkest on the lateral line. Both the 
superior-posterior lines of nuciferous ducts on the head meet on the occiput, are dark and include on each side 
a triangular patch of common scales, which points upwards. 
Fig. 14. 
Black Sea-Bream ( Cantharus lineatiis ) from Christiania Fjord. 
Vo natural size. 
113 1 
R. hr. 6; D. — ; A. — ; P. 2 + 13 + 1 ; V. C. x+ 15 + x\ 
12 10 5 
g 
L. lat. 72—74°; L. tr. — + 1 6 . 
1 8 
Syn. Kavdagog, Aristotle, Cantharus, Ovid, Scarabceus, Gaza 
( vide Artedi). 
Spams lineis utrinque luteis longitudinaliter parallelis, iride 
argentea. Art., Gen. Pise., p. 36; Syn. p. 58. 
Spams Cantharus , Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 280. 
Sparus lineatus, Montagu, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc., II, 
(1815) p. 451, tab. XXIII; Gthr ( Cantharus ), Cat. Brit. 
Mus., Fish., I, p. 413; Lutk., Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. 
Kbhvn 1865, p. 220; Coll., Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christiania 
1874, Tillsegsh., p. 17; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, 
ser. Ill, Bd XII (1879), p. 8; Id., Zool. Dan., Fiske, p. 14, 
tab. Ill, fig. 1 ; Day, Fish. G:t Brit., Irel., I, p. 26, tab. 
IX; Lilljeb., Sv., Norg. Fn., Fisk., I, p. 210; Coll., N. 
Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29 (1884), p. 50. 
Cantharus vulgaris, Canth. brama, Canth. orbicularis (?), Canth. 
griseus, Val. in Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, pp. 319, 
328, 331, 333, tab. 160; Canth. griseus et Canth. vulgaris , 
Nilss., Skancl. Fn., Fisk., pp. 118 et 119; (j!) Canth. orbicu- 
laris, Bonap., Fn. Ital., vol. Ill ( Pesci ), tab. 89; Canth. 
griseus, Canth. brama, (?) Canth. orbicularis, Moreau, Hist. 
Nat. Poiss. Fr., vol. Ill, pp. 49, 52, 54. 
Cantharus Linnei, Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., pp. 97 et 384. 
Obs. With regard to the relation between Cantharus lineatus 
and C. brama Steindachner (1. c.) has reminded us of the doubtful- 
ness of a character derived from the presence or absence of an in- 
cision in the lower margin of the preorbital bone (between the two 
anterior suborbital bones) to receive the knob on the maxillary bone, 
which is quite as inconstant. Though Bonaparte (1. c.) employs this 
character in his diagnosis of C. orbicularis, both in his figure and 
his description of the species there occurs a slight curve (un leggero 
sino ) in this margin. As far as the form of the body is concerned, 
in which respect C. orbicularis could at most be regarded only as a 
variety with a deeper form, it is also remarkable that the depth of 
the body, which according to Steindachner increases with age, may 
rise as high as 7 /„ 0 of the length 0 in C. lineatus, while in C. 
orbicularis it may be as low as i h\ d , a circumstance which re- 
duces the expression for this character to l 1 / 3 % of the length of 
the body. 
a 68 — 72 ( + 5 or 6 on the caudal fin), according to Steindachner (1. c.). 
, 9 1 /,— 10V 2 
" — — — — — + 1, accorc ^ n 8 Steindachner (1. c-.). 
c Steindachner (1. c.). 
d Moreau, 1. c., p. 54. 
