98 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Proclr. Zool. Viet., dec. V. p. 21, tab. 44, fig. 2; Ltkn 
( Orcynus ), Spol. Ail., Vid. Selsk. Skr. Kbhvn., ser. 5, 
Naturv. Math. Afd., XII, No. 6, p. 460; Day, Fish. G:t 
Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 93, tab. 35; Mor. ( Thynnus ), Hist. 
Nat. Poiss. Fr., vol. II, p. 422; Lillj. ( Orcynus ), Sv., 
Norg. FisJcar, vol. I, p. 240; Coll., N. Mag. Naturv. 1884, 
p. 58. 
Thynnus mediterraneus, Risso, Fur. Mer., vol. 3, p. 414; 
Coll., Vid. Selsk. Fork. Christ. 1874, Tillasgsh., p. 44; 
ibid. 1879, p. 20. 
Thynnus vidgaris, Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 58, tab. 210; Regn. 
Anim. Illustr., Poiss., p. 117, tab. 45, fig. 2; Kroy., 
Damn. Fiske, vol. I, p. 237; Ekstr., Gbgs Vet. Vitt. 
Samh. Hand., N. Foljd, H. 1 (1850), pp. 23 et 37; Nilss., 
Skand. Fn ., Fisk., p. 139; Cederstr., Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. 
Fork. 1876, No. 4, p. 64; MOb. et Heincke, Fisclxe d. 
Ostsee, p. 39. 
Thynnus brachypterus, Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 98 (Cf. Lutken, 
Spol. Atl., 1. c., p. 462). 
Thynnus coretta, Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 102 (Cf. Ltkn, 1. c., 
p. 463). 
Thymius secundo-dorsalis, Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. A. a. 
Sc., vol. V, p. 143, tab. XII, fig. 4 (Cf. Ltkn, 1. c., p. 
464). 
Thynnus orientalis, Schleg., Fn. Japon , Pise., p. 94 (Cf. 
Ltkn, 1. c.). 
Thynnus Linnei, Malm, Gbgs , Boh. Fn., p. 412. 
The Tunny is one of the largest lishes to which 
the Scandinavian fauna can lay claim. Specimens 3 
metres in length are taken off the coast of Norway °. 
Risso gives its length in the Mediterranean as 5 me- 
tres, and according to Storer a specimen 1 5 feet long 
was taken in 1838 off Cape Ann, Mass., tvhile Brown- 
Goode 6 adds that still larger specimens are on record. 
When 2 metres in length, according to Moreau, the 
Tunny weighs about 153 kilo. 
The body is fusiform and thickest in the preab- 
dominal region about half-way along the pectoral fins: 
the breadth is 3 / i of the depth. It tapers much more 
gradually backwards than forwards. The greatest depth, 
according to McCoy’s measurements, varies between 
23 % and 29 % of the length. The length of the head 
and the greatest depth of the body are sometimes 
equal, but the former is generally the greater, varying 
between 30 % and 28 % of the length of the body, or 
50 % and 55 % of the distance from the tip of the 
snout to the beginning of the second dorsal fin. The 
last measurement varies between 58 % (in the young 
specimens) and 51 % (in the old) of the length of the 
body. The scales of the body, especially on the po- 
sterior part, are covered with an outer skin (epidermis), 
which renders them more or less indistinct; and the 
difference in size between the scales of the hind parts 
and those of the preabdominal region is very marked. 
In the corslet we may find scales 12 times as broad 
as those on the posterior part of the body, for a row 
of 12 scales on the ventral side above the base of the 
anal fin is equal in size to the externally visible part 
of one of the larger scales in the corslet. The latter 
are further distinguished by their considerably greater 
thickness and firmer structure. On the margin of the 
corslet appear several sinuses and prolongations. One 
prolongation runs along the dorsal fins, and may extend 
as far as the termination of the second dorsal; another 
runs along the middle of the side, passing the point 
of the pectoral fins and furnished with a groove to 
receive them when they are folded, and extends under 
the base of the second dorsal fin. A third prolongation 
runs on each side of the body in the region of the 
ventral fins and extends back about as far as a per- 
pendicular from the point of the pectoral. In the 
region of this prolongation lie the hollow and the 
groove to receive the ventral fins. Of the two sinuses 
between these three prolongations the upper is the 
shallower, but it sometimes extends forward to the 
middle of. the first dorsal fin; the lower lies between 
the pectoral and ventral fins. These limits, however, 
are often very indistinct. As is generally the case in 
this family, the head is naked for the most part, with 
the exception of the cheeks, which are covered with 
lanceolate scales beneath the skin, and the sides of the 
occiput, where the corslet extends forwards in the form 
of an acute-angled triangle over each temple as far as 
the posterior margin of the eye, leaving between these 
two triangles a naked wedge-shaped space pointing 
backwards and extending as far as a perpendicular 
from the upper corner of the gill-opening. The high, 
middle carina on each side of the tail, which begins 
between the antepenultimate and the penultimate anal 
finlets, is also naked. The smaller lateral carina; on 
the tail, two on each side, which converge posteriorly, 
are, on the contrary, covered with scales, as in the 
common Mackerel. 
The eyes are comparatively small. According 
to McCoy’s measurements of specimens from 463 to 
1,778 mm. in length, their longitudinal diameter varies 
° “The largest specimens may be more than 10 feet (5 Danish yards) in length”, says Strom, Sondrn. Beskr., part 1, p. 311. 
b Fish. Industr., part I, p. 320. N. B., the figure of this fish given in Plate 96 in all probability really represents an Auxis. 
