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SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Genus SARDA. 
Body round and fusiform or somewhat compressed or elongated. The scales of the body form a corslet in the 
preabdominal region. Dorsal fins only a little apart, the anterior part of the first being not at all or only slightly 
elevated and forming an even, convex or slightly concave continuation of the hind part, of the upper margin of the 
fin; the second, which is generally lower than the first", being for the most, part situated in front of the anal, to which 
it. is similar in other respects. Height of the anal greater than its base. Finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins 
from 7 to 9. Pectoral, fins set near the middle point in the height of the body. Length, of the ventral usually 
under 8 % of the length of the body 1 '. Length of the head less than half the distance between the tip of the 
snout and the second dorsal fin. Eyes small, the adipose lid but little developed. The preorbital bone does not 
conceal the broad, posterior part of the upper jaw-bone when the mouth is closed. Jaw-teeth comparatively large. 
On each side of the tail a naked, long and high, longitudinal middle carina, and at. the extremity of the tail 
two smaller, scaly carince , which converge posteriorly. Pyloric appendages numerous, and sometimes united into 
a glandulous mass. 
Subgenus ORCYNOPSIS. 
Body behind the corslet, naked ( without distinct, scales ). Height of the anal fin nearly 10 (9' 5 to 9' 8) % of the 
length of the body. Length of the ventral fins a little more than half ( from 54 to 56 %) of the height of the 
anal and about 2 / 5 ( from 40 to 42 %) of the length, of the pectoral. Length of the head, as well as the distance 
between the tip of the snout and the first dorsal fin, less than x j A of the length of the body. Length of the pec- 
toral fins generally more than half (from. 57 % to 61 %) the length of the head: length of the ventral, less than or, 
at most, equal to 1 /4 of the length of the head. Palatine bones and vomer with teeth. 
Of the subgenus Orcynopsis only two species are to doubt the distinctions between them given by the 
known, or perhaps only one, as there is good reason authors. 
“ In Orcynopsis unicolor, according to Moreau, the posterior dorsal fin is higher than the anterior, as in the specimen of this species 
which we have been able to examine, in which, however, the rays of the first dorsal are bent and somewhat damaged. Still Moreau’s spe- 
cimen, as well as ours, was stuffed, a circumstance which inclines me to rely on Collett’s examination of perfect specimens preserved in 
spirits, though the possibility of a difference in this respect due to sex or age cannot be denied. 
b According to Steindachner, the length of the ventral fins in Sarda chiliensis goes as high as nearly 13 % of the length of the body. 
