ANGLER. 
139 
Loplrivs piscatrix, Lin., Mus. Ad. Frid., I, p. 55. 
Lopliius piscatorins , Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 236; Fit. 
Suec., ed. II, p. 108; Mull., Zoo!. Dan. Prodr., p. 38; 
Retz., Fn. Sure. Lin., p. 308: Faber, Fisehe IsL, p. 55; 
Ekstr., Gbgs Vet., Vitt. Sainh. Handl., Ny tidsf., haft. 1, 
p. 38; Nilss., Prodr. Ichtli. Scavd., p. 101; Cuv., Val., 
Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XII, p. 344, tab. 362; Kit., Damn. 
Fiske , vol. I, p. 446; Nilss., Slcand. Fn. Fisk., p. 245; 
Gaim., Voy. IsL, Poiss., tab. 19; Gthr, Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist., ser. 3, vol. VII, p. 190, tab. X, fig. C — E; Id., Brit. 
Mus. Gat., Fish., vol. Ill, p. 179; Steind., Stzber. Akad. 
Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. Cl. LVII (1868), I, p. 421; 
Coll., Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christ. 1874, Tillffigsh. p. 68; 
Cederstr., Ofvers. Vet. -Akad. Forh. 1876, No. 4, p. 65; 
1879, No. 2, p. 60; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 466; Winth., 
Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 21; Day, Fish. 
G:t Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 73, tab. XXIX; Mor., Hist. Nat. 
Poiss., Fr., vol. II, p. 180; A. Agass., Proc. Amer. Acad. 
Arts., Sc., vol. XVII, p. 280, tab. XVI, fig. 2 — 5, tab. 
XVII et XVIII; M5b., Hcke, Fiscli. Osts., p. 42; Lillj., 
Sv., Norg. Fiskar, vol. I, p. 757; Hansen, Zool. Dan., 
Fiske, p. 43; tab. VII, fig. 6. 
Lophius barbatus, Montin, Vet. -Akad. Handl. 1779, p. 187, 
tab. VII. 
( J)Lophius budegassa, Val., Bonap., cett. 
Lophius eurypterus, Dub., Kor., Vet. -Akad. Handl. 1844, p. 
63, tab. Ill, fig. 1 — 3; Nilss., Skand. Fn.. Fisk., p. 251. 
The monstrously large, flat head, with the broad, 
wide gape, give the form of the Angler an ugly, not 
to say hideous, appearance. When distended, the breadth 
of the head is considerably greater than its length: its 
breadth straight across the subopercular spines is then 
about 2 / 5 of the length of the body, or about equal to 
the distance from the tip of the snout to the end of 
the first dorsal fin. The depth at this point is only 
from V 9 to V 7 of the length of the body; and the 
length of the head from the tip of the snout (the tip 
of the upper jaw) to the occiput is only slightly more 
than V 4 of the length of the body (from the tip of 
the snout). The anterior part of the body thus forms 
an almost circular disk, from the posterior quadrants 
of which extend the pectoral fins. Behind this disk 
the body is still flat, but considerably more slender, 
and it tapers evenly backwards, until at the base of 
the caudal tin it becomes laterally compressed. The 
pectoral tins, when extended, are of the rounded form 
shown in the figure, and look like the spread wings 
of a bird; when folded, however, they are somewhat 
truncate. The singular appearance of the fish is also 
greatly increased by the breadth of the mouth, which 
is about V 4 of the length of the body, and by the 
projecting, but rounded, lower jaw. Just in front of 
the middle of the head are set the squinting and com- 
paratively small eyes", with the iris marked with yellow 
radiating streaks. They are separated by the deeply 
concave interorbital space, the margin of which rises 
above them in the form of two strong spines, the po- 
sterior pointing upwards or slightly backwards, the 
anterior in a forward direction. This supraorbital 
margin is continued anteriorly by a row of bony pro- 
tuberances. Among the other spines of the head, as 
we have mentioned above, are two on the upper part 
of the anterior end of the palatine bones, rising behind 
the articulation of the superior maxillaries. Between 
these palatine spines, on each side of the snout, is a 
clavate stalk, at the top of which is the smelling- 
organ. When depressed, this stalk is like a common 
dermal flap, but on closer examination we may find 
the one nostril on its anterior side, the other on its 
inside. Between these openings lies a cavity lined with 
the foliate mucous membrane of the smelling- organ, 
and in the centre of the stalk runs the olfactory nerve. 
Midway between these nasal stalks stands the first, 
tentacular ray of the dorsal fin, with its green, foliate, 
dermal appendage at the top, and at different distances 
behind it the one halfway along the snout, the other 
at the middle of the top of the head — stand the 
other two, long, free rays, with filiform, pointed tips, 
but fringed along the sides with dermal appendages. 
Behind each ray, at the base, is a small fin- membrane. 
The three rays, at least the first two, in the first con- 
tinuous dorsal fin, which are united at the base by a 
more developed fin-membrane, are like the former rays 
fringed and flexible. The distance between this fin 
and the tip of the snout is about a third of the length 
of the body; and the space between it and the second 
dorsal is about equal to the space between the eyes. 
The extent of the second dorsal fin, like that of the 
anal, is indeed difficult to fix, as these fins are deeply 
imbedded in the loose skin; but the length of the former, 
which begins almost vertically above the vent, is a little 
less than the length of the head from the tip of the 
snout to the occiput, and the height is about 2 / 3 of 
the length of the head and almost equal to the length 
of the longest rays in the pectoral fins. The anal fin 
begins just in front of the perpendicular from the fifth 
° Id a specimen 144 mm. in length (from the tip of the snout) the longitudinal diameter of the eye is 22 / of the length of the 
head from the tip of the snout to the occiput, and 49 % of the distance between the eye and the middle of the snout (the length of the 
snout); but in a specimen 359 mm. in length these proportions have sunk to 12 and 34 respectively. 
