146 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Chironectes pictus, Ch. tumidus, Ch. Icevigatus , Ch. nesog alliens, 
Ch. marmoratus, Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XII (de 
his synonymis vide Gthr, Cat .); Ch. jnctus , Steenstr., 
Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. Kbhvn 1863, p. 208, cett. 
Chironectes arcticus , DOb., Kor., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1844,' p. 
72, tab. 3, fig. 4 et 5; Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 257. 
Antennarius marmoratus, Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mas., Fish., vol. 
Ill, p. 185; Coll, (forma picta), Vid. Selsk. Forh. Chr. 
1874, Tillffigsb. p. 69; Bleek., Atl. Ichth ., tome V, p. 23, 
tab. CXCVIII, fig. 4, tab. CXCIX, fig. 1. 
Obs. As Cuvier has remarked, Linn^us’s Lopliius histrio com- 
prehended all the species belonging to the group Antennarius. When 
Linnaeus quoted Willughby in Syst. Nat,., he clearly referred to 
those species also in which the skin is covered with spines; and 
Gunther (Cat., p. 188) has given the Linnsean specific name to one 
of these species — Cuvier’s (1. c.) Chironectes scaber. First among 
his synonyms, however, Linnaeus quotes the Wdstgota-resa (where 
the great length of the pectoral fins, among other things, shows that 
he did not refer to Antennarius scaber) and Museum Ad. Frid., 
Odhelius’s thesis and last of all Osbeck’s Ostindiska resa. Hence 
Gill asserts that the L inmean specific name is most correctly applied 
to the species common in the Sargasso Sea of the Atlantic, an opinion 
fully borne out by Lilljeborg’s examination of the type-specimen 
from LagerstrSm’s collections, which is still preserved in the Zoolo- 
gical Museum of Upsala University. 
According to Cuvier this species may attain a 
length of 8V2 i n - ('216 mm.), but specimens of so large 
a size are probably rare. The most usual length seems 
to be about 1 dm.", with a depth of 4 or 5 cm., the 
latter varying according to the distension of the belly. 
This fish, which creeps among the seaweed, where it 
feeds on tiny crustaceans, mollusks etc. which have the 
same home, occurs frequently in the Sargasso Sea (be- 
tween the Azores and America), and in the W est In- 
dies is also common — the Royal Museum has received 
numerous specimens of this species from St. Bartho- 
lomew through Dr. A. von Goes. In the Indian Ocean 
and the Pacific, too, it occurs under similar conditions. 
It is the influence of the Gulf Stream, which has car- 
ried many other objects from the warmer parts of the 
Atlantic as far as the extreme north of Norway, that 
explains the fact that in 1826 two specimens of this 
species were found among the Capelins, off Vardo in 
the Arctic Ocean. One of these specimens, 47 mm. in 
length, which is preserved in Bergen Museum, has been 
minutely described by v. Duben and Koren under the 
name of Chironectes arcticus. Steenstrup restored it to 
its proper species by showing that the singular peuni- 
form appendages mentioned in the specific diagnosis of 
the above authors, are really parasitic crustaceans ( Pen - 
net la sagittata ), which are known to lie of frequent 
occurrence in Antennarius histrio. 
Since this occasion the species has never been found 
in Scandinavia. 
COTTOMORPHI on SOLEKOPARES. 
The suborbital ring united to the preoperculum bg an osseous connexion. Dorsal spinous rays strong and stiff. 
Ventral fins free , thoracic or jugular, often with less than 5 soft rays. Pectoral fins broad, with, broad and 
fiat basal bones. Branched rays in the caudal fin under Id. Head, as a ride, furnished with numerous spines. 
Jaw-teeth, where they exist, cardiform, weak and of uniform size. Comparatively few pyloric appendages. In 
most cases a prominent wart ( genital papilla ) behind the vent. 
These forms are otherwise known as the cheek- 
armoured fishes (.“ Acanthopterygiens a joues cuirasseesj, 
under which name they were first adopted by Cuvier 
as forming a natural whole, in the most essential re- 
spects corresponding to the three genera Trigla, Scor- 
pcena and Coitus, which Artedi set side by side. They 
form a series of families with the most variable forms, 
from the almost typical and pure Percoid form of some 
Scorpsenoids ( Sebastes ) to the monstrous appearance of 
others ( Scorpcena ) and their relatives ( Pelor , Synanceia), 
where the dermal appendages are still more developed 
than in the preceding family, or, in another direction, to 
Dactylopterus or Agonus. The universal character which 
unites them all, the cheek-armour, is, however, by no 
According to Bleeker it attains a length of from 86 to 190 mm. in the Dutch East Indies. 
