196 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
The Red Gurnard is, in all probability, scarcely to 
be considered as a stationary fish within the limits of 
the Scandinavian fauna. It is common on the coasts 
of Great Britain and Ireland and the west coast of 
France"; but in Spain and Portugal Steindachner 
found only solitary specimens in the fish-markets, 
and in the Mediterranean, according to Bonaparte 6 , 
it is less common than in the Atlantic, where it also 
becomes probably rarer the farther south we go, for 
in Madeira, according to Lowe c , it is “rarior”. It is the 
only true Trigla which has sometimes, it is stated, been 
found on the American coast' 2 , where this genus is else 
represented by Prionotus, with teeth on the palatine 
bones as well. According to Valenciennes it is highly 
valued in Paris for the firmness and good flavour of 
its flesh, and often brought to market. In Scotland, 
according to Couch 6 , it is held in small esteem; but in 
England it is said to sell well, and only on account of 
its inferior size to be regarded as inferior to the Tub- 
fish and the Piper. “The usual habit,” says Couch, “of 
this species, as of the whole family, is to keep near the 
bottom in moderately deep water; and there they feed 
on shellfish, crabs and small fishes, with a variety of 
other creatures inhabiting the bottom of the sea. They 
also take a bait freely, but are caught in the greatest 
abundance with trawls. I have found them with spawn 
well developed at the opposite seasons of January, 
April and June.” 
In Scandinavia, to the best of our knowledge, 
only two specimens have been taken, and these at about 
the same date in places not far apart. The one was 
taken “about 1869” according to Collett, in Christi- 
ania Fjord, the other was caught on the 3rd of June, 
1869, just off Stromstad, and preserved by Dr. C. 
Cederstrom. The latter specimen now belongs to 
Gothenburg Museum, and was lent us by the Keeper, 
Dr. A. Stuxberg, to serve as the original of our figure. 
As it has been described minutely by Professor Malm, 
we shall here content ourselves with adding some of 
its most characteristic points; and for the sake of 
comparison, we append the corresponding measurements 
made on specimens of the two following species. 
Length of the body from the middle of the tip of the snout to the middle of the hind margin 
in millimetres - 
Length of the head to the tip of the opercular flap in % 
,, „ „ ,, „ „ top of the hind margin of the preoperculum „ ,, 
„ ,, „ snout „ ,, anterior margin of the orbit „ ,, 
„ ,, „ „ ,, anterior nostril „ „ 
Length of the body from the middle of the tip of the snout to the point of the pectoral 
tins, when folded „ „ 
Length of the pectoral fins „ „ 
„ „ ,, ventral „ „ „ 
Distance from the middle of the tip of the snout to the vent ,, „ 
Length of the base of the first dorsal fin „ „ 
„ „ ^ „ second „ „ „ „ 
j? 5 ? ?? ?? ?? Jinal ,, ,, 
Length of the second ray in the first dorsal fin „ 
Greatest depth of the body at the beginning of the first dorsal fin „ „ 
„ breadth „ „ ,, „ „ „ „ ,, ,, „ „ „ „ 
Least depth of the tail , „ 
Least breadth of the interorbital space „ „ 
Longitudinal diameter of the eye „ 
the caudal fin, 
the length of 
expressed 
the body 
Trigla 
pini. 
Trigla 
gurnardus. 
Trigla 
lucerna 
var. 
j)oeciloptera. 
295 
298 
224 
26.i 
26. s 
26.8 
21 .o 
21.5 
21.6 
12.5 
11.7 
12 .i 
4.4 
4.7 
4.9 
45.8 
42.9 
55.4 
23.4 
18.4 
30.3 
22.4 
21 .o 
23.6 
44.7 
48.6 
46.0 
16.5 
15.4 
14.3 
32.2 
30.2 
29.2 
29.6 
29.5 
25.5 
16.o 
17.i 
14.5 
16.6 
19.4 
14.5 
14.2 
14.3 
14.o 
4.i 
3.7 
4.4 
3.4 
5.7 
4.5 
6.4 
B.o 
5.8 
“ Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. IV, p. 33. 
h Icon. Fauna Italica , Pesci , No. 9G (Fasc. XI, p. 58). 
c Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. II (1841), p. 175. 
d Valenciennes, 1. c., p. 54; Mitchill, Trans. Lit. Phil. Soc. N. York, vol. I, p.449 (Polynemus tridigitatus, according to Day, 1. c.) ; 
Jord., Gilb., 1. c. 
e Fish. Brit. Isl ., vol. II, p. 19. 
