220 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Genus PHOLIS. 
Body ribbon- shaped, covered with very small scales. Head naked and without dermal fringes • Jaw-teeth pointed , 
in front set in several rows. Head , especially the snout, short. Mouth turned upwards. Gill-openings large, but 
vertical; the branchiostegal membranes united to each other -under the isthmus , to ivhich they are joined only in 
front. One, continuous dorsal fin, containing only spinous rays, along the whole of the back behind the head. 
Anal fin long, -with two spinous rays at the beginning, and with the other rays articulated and ( usually distinctly ) 
branched. Ventral fins short, jugular and containing one spinous ray and one ( indistinct ) soft ray. All the rays 
of the pectoral fins often branched. Branched rays in the caudal fin few {under 15). Lateral line indistinct. 
Branchiostegal rays 5. Pseudobranchice present. Air-bladder and pyloric appendages wanting. 
To receive the common Spotted Gunnel, as it was 
described and figured by Sujef", Lacepede 6 formed 
the genus Murcenoides a year before Blocii-Schneider 
called the same genus Centronotus c , the two names 
which, together with Valenciennes’s d later name of 
Gunnellus, have been most generally recognised up to 
the present. Long before Lacepede’s time, however, 
the same species had been adopted by Gronovius, in 
1763, as the type of the genus Pholis 6 , the name which, 
according to the current laws of nomenclature, must 
thus possess the right of priority. The name is derived, 
however, from Aristotlf/, and originally denoted a 
Mediterranean fish “which hides itself in its own mucus”. 
The genus is very nearly related to the preceding one; 
but the still more ribbon-shaped body, the pointed 
jaw-teeth, set in several rows, and the structure of the 
ventral fins — one small, pungent, spinous ray and 
one rudimentary, soft ray in the membrane inside 
it — or even the absence of these fins, are the dis- 
tinguishing characters of these fishes, of which six or 
seven species have hitherto been recognised from the 
northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific. 
THE SPOTTED GUNNEL (sw. testefisken). 
PHOLIS GUNNELLUS. 
Plate XI, fig. 6. 
Along the base of the dorsal fin a row of about 10 black, ocellated spots , which also extend slightly down over 
the back of the body. Bays in the dorsal fin at most 81. 
R. br. 5; D. 76—81; 
13 1. 14 + .?. 
A. 2 ; P. 9—12; V. V, ; C. x + 
40—42 ' 1 
Syn. Ophidion cirrhis carens ; Art., Gen., p. 25; Syn., p. 42; Heyke, 
Vet. Akad. Handl. 1744, p. 129; Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. 1, p. 
108; Opliidium imberbe, Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. II, p. 114. 
Blennius Gunellus Lin., Mus. Ad. Frid ., tom. I, p. 69, Syst. 
Nat. ( Bl . Gunnellus), ed. X, tom. I, p. 257 ; Fn. Suec., ed. II, 
p. 114; Nilss. ( Centronotus ), Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 103; 
Fries et Wright, Slcand. Fisk., ed. I, p. 105, tab. 25, fig. 
1; Swains., ( Ophisomus ), Fisli., etc., vol. II, p. 277; Gtbr 
( Centronotus ), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. Ill, p. 285; Mgrn, 
Finl. Fisk, (disp.), p. 21; Gill ( Murcenoides ), Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sc. Philad., 1864, p. 204; Coll. ( Centronotus ), Fork. 
Vid. Selsk. Chnia, 1874, Tilkegsli., p. 77; N. Mag. Naturv., 
Bd. 29 (1884), p. 69; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 472; Winth., 
Naturh. Tidskr. Kblivn, ser. Ill, vol. XII, p. 23; Day, Fish. 
G:t Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 208, tab. LXI, fig. 1 ; Mela, 
Vert. Fenn., p. 290, tab. IX; M6b., IIcke, Fisch. Osts., p. 
61; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. I, p. 522; Joed., Gilb. 
{Murcenoides), Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 767; Hansen 
( Centronotus ), Zool. Dan., Fiske, p. 48, tab. VIII, fig. 1. 
Gunnellus vulgaris, Flem., Brit. Anim., p. 207 ; Cuv., Val., 
Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XI, p. 419; Kr., Damn. Fiske, vol. 
I, pp. 341 et 600; Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 200; Mor., 
Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., vol. II, p. 153. 
a Acta Petrop. 1779, part. II, p. 195, tab. VI, fig. 1. 
b Hist. Nat. Poiss., tom. II, p. 324; — 1800. 
c Syst. Ichth., Bl., ed. Schn., p. 165. 
d Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XI, p. 418, corresponding to Cuvier’s subgenus Les Gonnelles ( Regn . Anim., ed. 2, tom. II, 
p. 239). 
e Zoophyl., Fasc. I, p. 78. 
f Cf. Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 269. 
