268 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
these nonnuts are caught in a tine-meshecl kind of 
purse-net ( Tartane or Tartaneum), which is sunk to a 
depth of between 15 and 18 fathoms. In this manner, 
according to G. 0. Saks, large quantities of this fish 
are taken both in the Adriatic and off the coast of 
Sicily. 
The White Goby spawns in summer. Collett 
found that the males change their teeth during May; 
and in June the females were full of roe. At the be- 
ginning of July, most of the males had emptied their 
milt-sacs; and after that date he did not see a single 
specimen until he met with the fry in the autumn. 
The White Goby is common in the Mediterranean 
and the Black Sea. Oft’ the south part of the west 
coast of Europe it has not yet been observed, but it 
has been found in Scotland and along the Norwegian 
coast up to the neighbourhood of Bergen. Its Scandi- 
navian haunts were first discovered by the eminent 
Norwegian naturalist Stuvitz, who took four specimens 
off Bergen, in December, 1834. The species of these 
examples, however, was not determined until ten years 
afterwards, by v. Duben and Koren. In Sweden it 
was first found in Gullmar Fjord, in July, 1858, by 
G. M. Retzius. In 1859 it was taken off Skareberg 
in Gullmar Fjord by S. Loven, and in the same year 
by Lilljeborg. Since that time it has again been 
found in the same neighbourhood by A. W. Malm, 
and at Stromstad it has been taken in Salmon-traps 
by C. A. Hansson, in June, 1880, and May, 1887. 
The food of the White Goby is composed of small 
crustaceans and their young and larval, as well as those 
of shellfish. It serves in its turn as food for other 
fishes, and in this capacity is of special importance to 
the small Gadidce and the young of the larger ones. 
Collett found the stomach of these fishes in several 
instances crammed with White Gobies. 
Genus 
CRYSTALLOGOBIUS". 
Body elongated , later ally compressed and scaleless. Teeth simple , fixed , and set in a single row, present only in the 
front part of the lower jaw and the intermaxillary bones; in the female extremely small , in the male more pro- 
minent and interspersed with canines in the lower jaw. Two rays in the first dorsal fin. Funnel formed by the 
ventral fins with the outer ( anterior ) rays branched , open posteriorly, and with each of the two innermost rays 
united by a membrane to the belly. Gape relatively large, the length of the lower jaw being more than 1 / 2 that 
of the head. Gill-openings large , obliquely horizontal , extending forward to the point of the isthmus. 
Branchiostegal rays o. 
This northern genus may be regarded as almost 
peculiar to the Scandinavian fauna. In the system it 
forms a link between the preceding genera and the 
Amblyopiformes , which are distinguished by the con- 
tinuous vertical fins and the more lobate pectoral fins, 
and, like the males of Cry staling obius, are often fur- 
nished with well-developed, canine teeth. 
The only known species of the genus is 
a Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Pliilad. 1863, p, 269. 
