C ALLION YMID7E. 
273 
THE GEMMEOUS DRAGONET (sw. sjokocken.) 
CALLIONYMUS LYRA. 
Plate XIV. 
Length of the head from the front, point of the intermaxillary hones , when retr tided , to the hind branchiostegal 
margin ", which is hidden by the skin , more than 24 % of the length, of the body , and to the anterior margin of the 
gill-opening more than 18 % thereof or than 'V 4 of the base of the anal fin. Base of the anal fin less than or equal 
to 1 / i of the length of the body , and also less than (or at most equal to) either the length of the head as first given, 
or the distance between the first dorsal, fin and the tip of the snout , and lastly, about, 60 (61) % at most of the 
distance between the beginning of the anal fin and the tip of the snout. Least depth of the tail at least 13 % of 
the base of the anal fin, and the breadth across the insertions of the ventral fins at least 50 % of the latter. 
The lateral line runs along the middle of the body. 
running parallel to the 
R. br. 6; D. 4|9(8); A. 9(8); P. 17—20; V. J / 5 ; C. £+7+.?; 
Vert. 21*. 
Syn. Gottus ossiculo pinme dorsalis primo longitudine corporis, J. F. 
Gron., Act. Soc. Reg. Sc. Ups. 1740, p. 121, tab. VIII; 
Uranoscopus ossiculo primo pinnae dorsalis primes longitudine ; 
corporis, L. T. Gron., Mns. Ichth., I, p. 23, No. 64 (cf 1 
adult. — Uranoscopus Lyra , Cat. Fish. Gron., Brit. Mus., j 
ed. Gray, p. 42) + ZTVcuw. oss. pr. pin. dors. pr. triunciali, 
Mus., 1. c, No. 65 (<T jun. = Uran. Dracunculus, Gat., 
1. c.) + Uran. oss, pr. pin. dors. pr. unciali, Mus., 1. c., p. 21, i 
No. 63, excl. syn. (9— Uran. micropterygius , Gat., 1. e., p. 43). | 
Uranoscopus pictus , Lin., Mus. Ad. Fr., tom. I, p. 71. 
Callionymus Lyra, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 249; Mull. ? j 
Zool. Dan., I, No. 36, p. 91 (ed. germ., Leipzig — Dessau), 
tab. XXVII; Retz., Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 313; Nilss., Prodr. 
Ichth. Scand., p. 92; SchagerstrSm, Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1833, 
p. 127; Cuv., Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XII, p. 266; Fr., 
Vet.-Alrad. Handl. 1837, p. 47 ; Id. et v. Wright, Skancl. Fisk., | 
ed. 1, p. 95, tab. 22 et 23; Kroy., Damn. Fiske, vol. I, J 
p. 422; Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 212; Gthr, Cat. Brit. 
Mus., Fish., vol. Ill, p. 139; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 
1874, Tilliegsli., p. 62; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 37; Malm, j 
Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 443; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, 
ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 19; Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., tom. 
2, p. 164; Day, Fish. G:t Brit., Irel ., vol. I, p. 174, tab. 
LIV ; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. I, p. 648 ; Hansen, Zool. 
Dan., Fiske, p. 37, tab. VI, figg. 8 et 9. 
Callionymus dracunculus, Lin. (p. p>), Syst., 1. c.; Nilss., 
Prodr., 1. c.; Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 274. 
Callionymus draculus, Mull., Zool. Dan., I, No. 26, p. 65 
(ed. cit.) ; Retz., 1. c. 
Obs. Even Pallas ( Spicilegia Zoologica, Fasc. VIII, p. 25) 
and after his time Nilsson (Prodr.) and Valenciennes (Cuv., Val., 
1. c.) have expressed the opinion, which according to 0. F. MOller 
has also been current among the Norwegian fishermen, that Calliony- 
mus lyra and dracunculus, as they have been determined in the North 
Posterior dorsal fin marked 'with several coloured bands, 
direction of the body. 
European fauna, are only different sexes of the same species. But 
Fries was the first to demonstrate on scientific principles that this is 
really the case (See Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1837). 
The males of the Gemmeous Dragonet are much 
larger than the females. While the former, when full- 
grown, measure from 25 to 30 cm., most of the females 
taken are from 20 to 22 cm. long, and neither Fries 
nor Lilljeborg had ever seen a female fully 25 cm. 
in length. The body is depressed and roundish, taper- 
ing posteriorly in a conical form; the belly is broad 
and flat, and there is a longitudinal depression along 
the back and also under the tail, which gives the trans- 
section of the body behind the vent a close resemblance 
to the figure 8 placed horizontally (°°). The greatest 
breadth of the body, between the preopercular spines, 
varies between about 18 and 20 % c of its length, and 
the breadth at the end of the anal fin between about 
7 and 9 % d of the latter. The depth of the body at 
the base of the ventral fins apparently decreases with 
age from about 1 1 to about 7 1 / 2 % of the length of the 
body, at the end of the base of the anal fin from about 
6 to about 4 V 2 % ■> and the least depth, just in front of 
the base of the caudal fin, from 4 to 3V 3 %. 
The head is depressed, but somewhat higher at the 
middle than the sloping sides, forming a broad triangle, 
the body being, therefore, broadest at the opercula, and 
then tapering towards the snout. The frontal line forms 
a slight downward curve. The snout is rounded to a 
a This is formed by the upturned hranchiostegal ray which extends farthest back, and which is generally the most prominent posterior 
boundary of the head. The hind margin of the gill-cover is formed by the Suboperculum, which is, however, hidden by the skin, and some- 
times indistinct. The most trustworthy measurement of the length of the head, in order to determine this species, is that taken to the an- 
terior margin of the gill-opening. 
6 In young specimens according to Malm, 19 or 20, 6 of which are abdominal. In old specimens the number of the latter is 7 or 8. 
c The least proportion we have found in 6 specimens, varying in length between 53 and 237 mm., is 17'7 %, the greatest 19’6 %. 
a The least proportion we have found in the above specimens, is 6‘8 %, the greatest 8'6- %. 
Scandinavian Fishes. 
35 
