280 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
two northern species, we must have recourse to the 
evanescent coloration, if it be necessary that the differ- 
entia specifica shall embrace both sexes as well as the 
younger specimens.” The attempt we have made in 
the above diagnosis to range by side of the most con- 
stant chromatic character the tenable characters of form, 
is based on a comparison between six specimens of the 
preceding species and five of the species now under 
consideration. With a more abundant supply of ma- 
terials for examination in the case of Callionymus 
maculatus, of which we have examined only one female, 
we may find some exceptions to these characters, the 
general validity of which appears, however, from the 
following table: 
Callionymus maculatus. 
Leugth of the body expressed in millimetres 
Length of the head to the hind branchiostegal margin in % of the length of the body 
„ „ „ „ „ „ gill-opening „ ,, „ „ „ „ „ 
,, „ „ „ „ „ „ ,, „ „ ,, base of the anal fir> 
Base of the anal tin in % of the length of the body 
Distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout in % of the length of the body. 
Base of the anal fin in % of the distance between it and the tip of the snout 
Least depth of the tail in % of the base of the anal fin 
Breadth across the insertions of the ventral fins in % of the base of the anal fin 
Length of the caudal fin in % of the distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout 
Length of the snout in % of the length of the body 
Longitudinal diameter of the eye in % of the length of the snout 
Breadth of the head across the preopercular spines in % of the length of the body 
Depth of the body at the insertion of the ventral tins ,, „ ,, „ ,, „ „ „ 
Length of the 1st ray of the 1st dorsal fin „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
find 
51 55 55 55 55 55 55 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 
Base of the second dorsal fin ,, „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 
Length of the pectoral fins „ „ „ „ „ ,, „ „ 
„ „ „ ventral „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ — . 
Distance between the ventral fins and the tip of the snout ,, „ „ ,, „ „ ,, „ 
Callionymus lyra. 
The Skaw, 17 fths., blue 
clay bottom. Theel and 
ip 1Q7« 
Bohusliin. Fries, November 
1836. 
Stromstad Fjord. C. A. 
Hansson, August 1880. 
The Sound. Schagerstrom, 
July 1830. 
Bohusliin. A. H. Malm, 
1882. 
o 
p 
*— l 'o" 
GO £ 
CD 
O ‘ 
CO 
t-< 
o 
* 
Skelder Bay. Theel andjj 
Trybom, July, 1878. 
From the old collections of 
the Royal Museum. Locality 
not specified. 
Jutland Reef, 100 — 200 
fathoms, 1880. 
Bohusliin. Fries, Julv, 
1835. 
Bohusliin. Fries, July, 
1835. 
9 
a” 
d 1 
d 1 
d" 
a* 
9 
9 
9 
c? 
d 
G1 
102 
111 
138 
146 
53 
83 
163 
168 
191 
237 
22.9 
22.3 
22.5 
22.4 
21.2 
26.8 
25.0 
26.3 
26.8 
26.2 
28.9 
17.2 
16.7 
17.i 
15.2 
14.4 
19.8 
18.9 
19.4 
20.2 
20.4 
23.2 
62.5 
60. o 
60.3 
55.2 
54.4 
79.5 
77.3 
84.8 
83.0 
86.7 
94.i 
27.5 
28.o 
28.4 
27.5 
26.4 
25.o 
24.4 
23.o 
24.4 
23.5 
25.0 
24.6 
22.3 
22.o 
20.3 
20.2 
26.4 
25.5 
26.2 
27.i 
27.7 
27.5 
70. o 
75.0 
81.2 
80. o 
80.4 
57.4 
60. o 
56.o 
60.4 
58.6 
60.8 
11.9 
12.3 
ll.i 
12.6 
12,4 
15.9 
15.7 
14.7 
16.0 
15.i 
13.5 
46.g 
46.7 
38.7 
42.i 
41.4 
50. o 
51.7 
62.i 
56.0 
61.i 
54.2 
83.3 
88.5 
100. o 
117.0 
117.8 
71.4 
75.5 
79.4 
72.5 
70.o 
78.4 
6.7 
6.8 
7.2 
7.2 
6.8 
7.5 
7.8 
9.i 
10.1 
9.6 
13,6 
97.6 
85.7 
87.5 
80. o 
80. o 
90. o 
86.i 
63.3 
54.7 
54.o 
43.8 
16.4 
16.7 
13.5 
14.5 
13.7 
18.3 
18.i 
17.7 
19.6 
17.8 
18.i 
9.8 
7.8 
8.i 
8.3 
7.5 
10.4 
10.8 
7.6 
9.5 
9.4 
8.8 
9.3 
24.8 
52.2 
37.7 
37.0 
9.o 
10.2 
10.i 
9.2 
24.8 
60.8 
15.4 
23.4 
29.3 
31.5 
29.0 
13.2 
15.6 
14.3 
13.i 
13.8 
14.o 
21.3 
26.5 
27.o 
25.4 
25.3 
25.i 
26.i 
23.3 
23.2 
23.o 
24.0 
18.5 
17.i 
17.i 
16.7 
18.8 
18.i 
17.8 
17.7 
19.0 
16.3 
16.o 
21.3 
18.6 
20. o 
I8.i 
19.4 
22.6 
21.4 
20.2 
19.8 
19.i 
19.0 
18.8 
17.6 
17.i 
17.4 
16.6 
21.3 
18.o 
20.2 
20. o 
21.o 
21.9 
This table also shows the most important changes 
of growth and sexual differences. The most distinct 
and remarkable instances of the former are expressed 
in the proportion between the length of the head to 
the gill-opening and that of the body. This proportion 
sinks in Callionymus maculatus , but rises in Call, lyra , 
the two species thus showing different directions of 
development, and being most closely allied during youth. 
The sexual difference which appears in the distance be- 
tween the ventral fins and the tip of the snout, and 
which in Call, lyra is less in the female than in the 
male, also seems to show that the female characters 
have fixed the direction of development in Callionymus 
maculatus, and the male characters in Call. lyra. This 
seems to be also the case with the average height of 
the second dorsal fin, which in Callionymus lyra is rela- 
tively greater in the female than in the male (with the 
exception of the last ray), and is generally greater in 
Call, maculatus than in Call, lyra, though the females 
of both species are much alike in this respect. 
With these exceptions we can find no remarkable 
difference, in the form, the position of the parts of the 
body, or the number of the fin-rays, between this spe- 
cies and the Gemmeous Dragonet; and we may there- 
fore refer the reader to the description of the latter 
species. In the colour and the markings, however, there 
appear considerable differences between the two species; 
and it is by these characters that we may most easily 
