306 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE JOHN DORY (SW. SJOHANEN a OR SANKTEPERSFISKEN b ). 
ZEUS FABER. 
Plate IX, fig. 2. 
No plates along the base of the spinous-ray ed part of the dorsal or the anal fn, the rays of these fins, on the 
other hand, being armed with a pointed spine, projecting outwards, on each side of the base. From 7 C to 10 spi- 
nous plates of fairly uniform size along each side of the posterior part of the base of the dorsal fin, and from 7 
to 9 along the corresponding part of the base of the anal fin. Both in front of and behind the jugular ventral 
fins is a row of plates on each side of the ventral edge and partly at its middle. The f rontal spines, which project 
backivards on the occiput, as well as the supraclavicular and clavicular spines, simple and small, measuring less 
than half the longitudinal diameter of the eye and, in old specimens, more or less reduced, a rule which also applies 
to the symphysial, angular and, articular spines of the lower jaw. Preoperculum, in adult specimens, without spines. 
Scales small and scattered, not imbricate, thin and smooth at the margin, but during youth spinous on the surface, 
the spines being most persistent on the scales belonging to the upper and lower parts of the sides, below the base of 
the soft-rayed dorsal and above that of the anal fin. Head scaly only on the cheeks. Coloration grayish violet, with a 
silvery lustre, marked with longitudinal yellow stripes on the sides of the body and with a round , blue-black spot , en- 
circled by a narrow, yellow ring, about half-way up the sides and below the middle of the spinous-ray ed dorsal fin. 
R. br. 7; D. 10|23 1. 24; A. 4 22 1. 23; 
C. 2 + 11+2 1. 1 + 13 + 1; Vert. 31—34. 
P. i: 
-15; V. jg, 
Byn. 
Zeus , idem faber appellatus, Plinius, lib. IX, cap. 18. 
Zeus spinosus, Lin., Mus. Ad. Frid., I, p. 67, tab. XXXI, fig-. 2. 
Zeus faber, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 267; Cuv., Val., 
Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. X, p. 6; Yarr., Brit. Fish., ed. 2, 
vol. I, p. 183; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish.., vol. II, p. 333; 
Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl., vol. II, p. 118, tab. LXXIX; Steind., 
Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Natunv. Cl., LVII, i (1868), 
p. 364; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tillsegsh., p. 44; 
Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 650; Ltkn, Vid. Selsk. Skr. 
Kbhvn, ser. 5, Naturv. Math. Afd., vol. XII, No. 6, p. 553; 
Gigl., Espos. Int. Peso. Berl. 1880, Sez. Ital . , Cat., p. 86; 
Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., tom. II, p. 467 ; Day, Fish. Gt. 
Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 138, tab. XLV1II; Olsen, Piscator. 
Atl., tab. 34; Lillj., tSv., Norg. Fisk., vol. I, p. 285; Coll., 
N. Mag. Naturv., Christ., Bd. 29 (1884), p. 59. 
Zeus australis , Richards., Zool. Ereb., Terr., II, 2, Fish., pp. 
36 et 138, tab. XXV, fig. 1 (vide Gthr); Tenn. -Woods, 
Fish.. Fischer, N. S. Wales, p. 61, tab. XXI. 
? Zeus japonicus, Sciileg., Fn. Japan., p. 123. 
The deep'', compressed " body, with its spines at the 
margins 7 and the formidable weapons it also possesses 
in the first dorsal 5 ’ and the anal tins' 1 , render the Dory 
“ Linnasus, Mus. Ad. Frid. 
Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn. 
c Sometimes 6, according to Lutken. 
d In the 5 specimens which we have been enabled to examine, the length of the body (from the anterior margin of Ihe upper jaw- 
bone, at the articulation, to the middle of the hind margin of the caudal fin) varies between 143 and 417 mm. In these specimens the 
greatest depth of the body varies between 44 and 48 % (44’5 — 47'7) of the length thereof. The least depth of the shallow peduncle of the 
tail (in front of the caudal fin) varies between 6 and 7 % (6’4 — 7'1) of the length of the body. 
e In the specimens mentioned above the greatest thickness (breadth) of the body, which occurs across the preoperculum, varies between 
7 and 10 / (7 '6 — 9 ’8) of the length of the body. The proportion generally increases with age. The least breadth of the interorbital space 
is always less than the least depth of the tail, varying in different individuals between about 5 and 5 1 / 2 % (5'2 — 5'7) of the length of the 
body, or 60 and 68 % of the longitudinal diameter of the eye. 
f The plates at the base of the soft-rayed dorsal and the anal fins are each furnished with two spines, the inner spine (along the dorsal 
fin the lower and along the anal fin the upper) being directed straight out from the body, and the outer spine, which is the larger, pointing 
backwards. The first anal plate, in the second and third specimens in point of age, is situated beside the fourth spinous ray, which in these 
cases is without a special basal spine; while in the younger specimens, as well as in the oldest of all, this plate is situated beside the first 
soft ray, and the fourth spinous ray is furnished with the usual, simple basal spine on each side. The plates at the side of the ventral mar- 
gin in front of the base of the anal fin vary in number between 7 and 10 (anteriorly single, posteriorly paired), in front of the ventral fins, 
and between 7 and 9, behind the latter. In all these plates the short, but sharp spine is directed backwards. Just in front of the ventral 
fins and, in one specimen, in front of the vent a simple row of spines is inserted at the middle of the ventral margin. In the smallest spe- 
cimen the head is furnished with two blunt spines, one above and one below, in the anterior orbital margin and a third at the upper pos- 
terior corner of the orbit; but in older specimens these spines become indistinct. According to Inner (1. c.), the preoperculum in young 
specimens (55 mm. long) is furnished with a marginal spine. This spine does not occur, however, in any of our specimens. 
9 The third spinous ray is the longest — though in the least but one of our specimens it is scarcely any longer than the second — 
being about equal in length to the lower jaw, i. e. about half the greatest depth of the body. In the oldest specimen, however, this ray 
is broken off short, hut its relative length has evidently been considerably less than in the younger specimens, for the free dermal flap be- 
hind it is preserved, but is only equal in length to the lower jaw. 
h In the anal fin the first spiuous ray is sometimes the longest, and sometimes the second, but the length in proportion to that of 
the body decreases with increasing age, in the younger specimens being about 1 / 6 of the length of the body, measured as above, in the older 
8 and finally 
specimens 1 / 7 , 1 ! 
7, 0 thereof. 
