334 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE THICK-LIPPED GRAY MULLET. 
MUGIL C'HELO. 
Plate XV, fig. 11. 
Adipose membrane round the eyes only slightly developed. Upper lip swollen and thick , its height in front, in 
specimens from 27 to 45 cm. long , measuring at least about 1 / 10 ( 9'7 a — 1T2 %) of the total length, of the head , 
18 b to 21 % of the length of the head behind the eyes, 30° to 33 % of the length of the snout, 26 to 32 % of 
the breadth of the mouth or 27 d to 33 % of the length of the lower jaw. Upper lip, in full-grown specimens at 
least , furnished with two or more transverse rows of tubercles on the lower part. Length of the snout ( distance 
between the eyes and the middle of the upper lip when drawn back) distinctly more than half (59 — 62 l f %) of 
the length, of the head behind the eyes, which, in specimens of the above size, measures at most 1 / a (ID'S- — 112 %) 
of the length of the body. 54 % of the total length of the head, 55 % of the greatest depth of the body or 25 1 f % 
of the distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout. Length of the lower jaw more than 62 % 
(62' 3 —69 %) of the length of the head behind the eyes, and the breadth of the mouth more than 63 % (63'3 — 
711 %) of the latter. Breadth of the interorbital space at least about 80 % (79 — 90 %) of the length of the 
head behind the eyes. Length of the head as a rule distinctly less than 24 % (22 — -23 %) of the length of the 
body minus the caudal fin or than 49 % (45 — 48' 3 %) of the distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of 
the snout. Least depth of the tail more than 85 % of the length of the head behind the eyes and at least about 
61 % (60 7 — 66 %) of the length, of the pectoral fins, which is at most 16 % of the length of the body or 48 % 
of the distance between the ventral fins and the tip of the snout. Base of the second dorsal fin more than 3 / 4 
(80 — 90 %) of the base of the anal fin, than 2 / s (08 — 76 %) of the length of the head behind the eyes or than 
36 % (37 — 40 %) of the toted length of the head. Length of the centred, fins about 80 % (71 — 86 V 2 %) of that 
of the pectoral fins. Middle groove of the roof of the pharynx continued forward in the roof of the palate, 
where it is bounded on each side by a longitudinal, rounded elevation. The tongue, which is highly and sharply 
carinated, fits into this palatine groove. Hind extremity of the preorbital bone obliquely truncate, with the lower 
corner rounded. Hind (lower) extremity of the maxillary bones externally visible, even when the mouth is closed. 
Chin-space usually small and, narrow, its breadth being less than half that of either of the branches of the lower 
jaw at the hind extremity. 
Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, p. 195; Day, Fish. 
Gt. Brit., Irel ., vol. I, p. 232, tab. LXVII; Mob., Hcke, 
Fisclie d. Osts ., p. 62; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. I, p. 396. 
Mugil capito , Nilss., Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 69; Id., Skand. 
Fn., Fisk., p. 17 6. 
Mugil curtus, Yarr., Brit. Fish., ed. 1, vol. I, p. 210; ed. 2, 
vol. I, p. 245. Vide Day, 1. c. 
Mugil corrugatus, Lowe, Fish. Madeira, p. 155, tab. XXII. 
Mugil septentrionalis, Gti-ib, 1. c., p. 455; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. 
Fn., p. 474. 
The Thick-lipped Gray Mullet probably attains a 
greater length than any other species of this genus. 
As a rule its length probably does not exceed 6 dcm. 
(including the lobes of the caudal fin), which is the 
maximum size ascribed by Mokeau to this species. On 
the coast of Norway, however, Collett has met with 
R. hr. 6: D. 4|9 (2 + 7 1. 1+8); A. 3 / 9 1- 3 / s ; P- 1 1. 2 + 15 
1. 16; V. Vy G. a + 12+,*; Squ. lin. lat. 43 — 47; lin. tr. 13—15. 
Syn. Chelon , Bonded., De Pise., lib. IX, cap. V ; cett. vide Artedi, 
Sign. Pise., App., p. 118. 
Mugil cephalus, var. B, Delaroche, Ann. Mas. DPIist. Nat., 
tome XIII, pp. 318 et 358, tab. 21, fig. 7; M. cephalus, 
Schagerstr., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1829, p. 90, tab. Ill, fig. 1, 
tab. IV, figg. 1 — 6. 
Mugil chelo, Cuv., Regn. Anim., ed. 2, tom. II, p. 232; Bonap., 
Fn. Ital., tom. Ill (Pesci), tab. No. 91; Cuv., Val., Hist. 
Nat. Poiss., vol. XI, p. 50, tab. 309, fig. sup.; Yarr., Brit. 
Fish., ed. 2, vol. I, p. 241; Thomps., Nat. Hist. Irel., vol. 
IV, p. 100; Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 177; Gthr, Cat. 
Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. Ill, p. 454; Steind., Stzber. Akad. 
Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturvv. Cl., LVI1, i (1868), p. 683; 
Coll., Fork. Vid. Selsk. Christ., 1874, Tilleegsh., p. 88; ibid., 
1879 No. 1, p. 60; Winth., Zool. Dan., Fiske, p. 16, tab. 
Ill, fig. 4; Naturb. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 24; 
Exceptionally 8' 7. 
