336 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
The external differences between the sexes are not 
very distinct, but, to judge by the specimens before 1 
us”, they seem remarkable enough. In the males the 
pectoral tins are generally longer', the anal tin higher 0 
and the belly shorter d than in the females 0 ; and in the 
former the upper lip is apparently thicker and the lower 
jaw shorter * * 6 7 . 
The Thick-lipped Gray Mullet is the only repre- 
sentative of its genus that may unreservedly be re- 
cognised as a stationary fish in Scandinavia. On the 
Norwegian coast, up to the neighbourhood of Bergen, 
it is taken so often that it can scarcely be considered 
rare, though it does not occur in sufficient quantity 
to give rise to any special fishery. At some spots, 
says Collett, in Flaekke Fjord for example, it has been 
taken on a few occasions in no inconsiderable number. 
On the coast of Bohuslan it is rarer, and only solitary 
specimens seem to occur there. The Royal Museum 
has received 7 examples of this species from Bohuslan j 
since 1837, when a specimen 5 dcm. long was taken 
in October by Fries, off Bassholm. During the last 
ten years Mr. C. A. Hansson has sent in 4 specimens 
from Stromstad, which were taken between May and 
July. The Museum of Gothenburg, according to Malm, 
received 5 specimens, which had been taken in Bohus- 
lan between September and November, from 1851 to 
1860. We have other specimens from Bohuslan — 6 
in all — recorded in Ekstrom” and CedeestromC The 
west coast of Denmark, where, according to Winthee, 
it sometimes enters Liim Fjord and the River Ribe. 
On the east coast of Jutland, according to Warming 1 , 
it occurs annually in Folding Fjord, where it is taken 
during September and October, oftenest after storms, 
in nets on a sandy bottom. In the Sound, off Land s- 
krona, several specimens were found in August, 1828, 
by Schagerstrom, who was the first to claim this spe- 
cies for the Swedish fauna. According to Mobius and 
Heincke solitary specimens have been taken on several 
occasions, in September and October, in Herring-seines 
in Kiel Bay; but in the inner parts of the Baltic it is 
still unknown. 
However, the Thick-lipped Gray Mullet, like the 
other Scandinavian species of this genus, has its true 
home, where it occurs in shoals, and where a fishery of 
great value is carried on for it, farther south. North- 
ward from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic outside, 
it is found in great numbers up to the English Channel, 
the Irish coast and the west coast of England and Scot- 
land. It is apparently rarer on the east coast of Scot- 
land; but is fairly common, according to Day, even 
among the Orkney and Shetland Islands. On the coast 
of Madeira it is common, according to Lowe, and also 
among the Canary Islands, according to Steindachneii. 
“ Of the specimens belonging to the Royal Museum three are females and two males, while the specimen described and bequeathed 
to the Museum by Schagerstrom is probably a male from which all the viscera have been removed. 
6 More than 15 % of the length of the body (though in one of the males this proportion = 15'2) or than 51 % of the length of 
the belly from the outer point of the insertion of the ventral fins to the beginning of the anal fin. 
c The height measuring more than 12 / of the length of the body. The length of the base of the second dorsal fin is thus less 
than 70 % of the height of the anal fin. 
d The distance between the outer point of the insertion of the ventral fins to the beginning of the anal fin is less than 31 % of the 
length of the body, and the length of the head more than 67 % of the former. 
c In all three females the length of the pectoral fins is less than 49 % of the length of the belly from the outer point of the in- 
sertion of the ventral fins to the beginning of the anal fin, the height (longest ray) of the anal fin at most 11 % of the length of the body, 
and the length of the belly, as measured above, between 31 and 3 2 1 / 3 % of the length of the body. 
f In the three females the height of the upper lip is from 18 to 1 8 1 / 2 % of the length of the head behind the eyes and from 27 
to 29 °/o of the length of the lower jaw, while in the two males the former proportion is from 20 to 20‘8 / and the latter from 31 '6 to 
33 - 3. In the third male, however, we find an exception to the ordinary characters of the species, the height of the upper lip measuring only 
1 6 • 3 % of the length of the head behind the eyes and 25 % of the length of the lower jaw. 
g Gbgs Vet. Vitt. Samh. Handl. New series, vol. 1, 1850, p. 37. 
h Of vers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1876, No. 4, p. 65. 
* Tidskr. f. Fiskeri, 2:den Aarg. (1868), p. 122. 
