SCOMBRESOCIDJE. 
347 
THE GARPIKE (sw. nabbgadda). 
RAMPHISTOMA BELONE. 
Plate XXIII, fig. 3. 
Setiform gill-rakers in an outer roiv on the front of the first, branchial arch; gill-rakers in the inner row of this arch , 
and also in both rotas on the three posterior branchial arches verrucose. Dorsal and anal fins falciform , with the 
anterior part elongated to a point and twice or more than tivice as high as the posterior part of these fins, where 
the rags are of uniform height. No lateral carina on the tail, the breadth of which , at the shallowest part of the 
body , generally measures about 3 / 4 or * 6 7 * 9 /s °f the depth of the body at this point a . The lateral line runs along the 
margin of the belly and ends at the termination of the anal fin. Longitudinal diameter of the eye in full-grown 
specimens ( between 6 and 8 dm. long) from about 35 to 30 % of the postorbital length of the head , or from 78 
to 66 % of the least, breadth of the interorbital space. 
R. hr. 9—13; D. 2+16 1. 1 7 6 ; A. 2 + 19 1. 20 c ; P. 1 + 12; 
V. 1+5; 0. a; + 1 3 d ; Vert. 80 — 84. 
Syn. Acus, Pun., Gaz., cett. vet. (vide Artedi, Syn. Pise ., p. 27); 
Acus prima species , Rondel., De Pise., lib. VIII, cap. 3; Acus 
vulgaris sive Oppiani, Willugiiby, Hist. Pise., p. 231, tab. 
P. 2, fig. 4. 
Esox Bellone , Ian., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 314; Esox 
Belone, Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. II, p. 126; Bl., Fisch. Deutschl., 
pt. I, p. 236, tab. XXXIII; Mull., Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 
49; Mohr, Isl. Naturh., p. 82; Risso, Icht. Nice, p. 330; 
Swartz, Sv. Zool., tom. II, No. 40; Reuter et Sundm. 
{Belone), Finl. Fisk., tab. XXI. 
Belone acus, Risso, Ear. Mer., tom. Ill, p. 443; Ekstr., Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. 1831, p. 70; Bonap., Icon. Fn. Ital., tom. Ill, 
Pesci, tab. 122; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVIII, 
p. 414; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mas., Fish., vol. VI, p. 251; 
Steind., Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. Cl., Bd. 
LVII, i (1868), p. 732; Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss., Fr., tom. 
Ill, p. 472; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, p. 436. 
Belone vulgaris, Flem., Brit. Anini., p. 184; Nilss., Prodr. 
lchth. Sco.nd., p. 37; Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 399; Nilss., Skand. 
Fn., Fisk., p. 354; Mgrn, Finl. Fisk. (disp. Ileisingf. 1863) 
p. 67; Lindstr., Gotl. Fisk., Got]. Hush. Sallsk. arsber. 1866, 
p. 18 (sep.); Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ., 1874, Tillaegsh., 
p. 176; Seidl., Fn. Balt., p. 92; Coll., 1. c. 1879, No. 1, 
p. 94; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, 
p. 86; Mela, Vert. Fenn., p. 356, tab. X; Day, Fish. Gt. 
Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 147, tab. CXXVII, fig. 1; Mob., 
Hcke, Fisch. Osts ., p. 68; Coll., N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., 
Bd. 29 (1884) p. 110; Bncke, Handb. Fischz. Fischer. 
(M. v. d. Borne), p. 101. 
Belone rostrata , Faber., Fisch. Isl., p. 152; Norpm., Voy. 
Russ. mer. (Demidoff), tom. Ill, p. 514, tab. 25, fig. 1; 
Ke., Damn. Fislce, vol. Ill, p. 255; Bncke, Fisch., Fischer., 
Fischz. 0-. Westpr., p. 101. 
a Sometimes, however, the breadth of the body at this point ii 
6 Sometimes 2 + 18, sometimes 2 + 15. 
c Sometimes 2 + 21, sometimes 2 + 16, 2 + 17 or 2 + 18. 
d Sometimes 14, according to Day and Lilljeborg. 
e Sv. Zool., II, No. 40, p. 43. 
I Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVIII, p. 396. 
9 In this species the length of the body is measured from the 
Ohs. Belovy in Aristotle, as Swartz e and Valenciennes^ 
have already shown, undoubtedly referred to the Pipe-fishes {Syn- 
gnathus ). 
The Garpike, in Sweden known as Nabbgadda 
(Beaked Pike) or, more commonly on the west coast, 
Horngadda , Horngdll or Hornfisk , attains a length of 
nearly 94 cm., according to Krgyer. The largest spe- 
cimen we have examined, was from the Sound and mea- 
sured 82 cm. in length 5, to the end of the middle rays 
of the caudal fin. Nilsson states that in Sweden the 
average length of the species is between 64 and 74 cm. 
The form of the body varies considerably with age; 
in specimens between 160 and 200 mm. long the depth 
is still only about 5 % of the length, while in speci- 
mens between 700 and 800 mm. long the depth is about 
8 or 9 % of the length. The breadth of the body and 
its sectional shape are just as variable: the greatest 
breadth (thickness) is generally about 2 / 3 of the greatest 
depth, but in old specimens sometimes rises to at least 
72 % thereof. In young specimens the body is often 
sharply compressed from the broad dorsal side to the 
ventral edge, while in the older specimens the abdominal 
region is more terete in a quadrangular shape, the lower 
part of the head compressed, and the tail more cylin- 
drical. The abdominal region is throughout of fairly 
uniform depth; but the head anteriorly assumes the 
typical beak-like shape, and the tail tapers from the 
equal to the depth. 
tip of the lower jaw. 
