FLOUNDER-FISIIES. 
383 
THE LEMON DAB OR SMEAR DAB (sw. bergskaddan). 
PLEURONECTES MICROCEPHALUS. 
Plate XX, fig. 1. 
Body less elongated than in the preceding species , the greatest depth being generally from 35 to 38% a of the length. 
Dorsal and anal fins with numerous rags , the former with about, 00 — 04, the latter ivith about 72 — 75. Least 
depth of the tail more than 0% ( about O' 2 — 10' 2%) of the length of the body. Length of the head less than 17% 
( about 16 l / 2 — 15 % b ) of the length of the body, and the distance between the anal fin and the tip of the snout less 
than 24% (about 22 1 j 3 — 19 x j b %) thereof. Postabdominal bone not projecting in a spine behind the vent. Bays of 
the ventral fins as a rule 5. Head without externally visible muciferous cavities. Lettered, line slightly curved 
above the pectoral fins, but with this exception straight. Vertebrae about 48. Jaws furnished with close-set incisor- 
like teeth, few (at most 2 or 3) or none on the eye side, and at most about 17 on the blind side; pharyngeal teeth 
comparatively weak and scattered, pointed, and set in a single row on each of the six upper pharyngeals and in 
a double row on both of the lower pharyngeals. Coloration of the eye side reddish or yellowish, brown; 
pectoral fin of the same colour as the body. 
R. hr. 7; D. 87 c — 98; A. 72 rf — 75; P. 10; V. 5 e ; C. x+U 
1. 15 + ,r; Lin. lat. ca 120-b Vert. 48 1. 4 9 £/ . 
Syn. La vraie limandelle, Duh., Tr. d. Pech., part. II, tom. Ill, 
sect. IX, p. 268, tab. VI, figg. 3 et 4. 
Pleuronectes kitt (p. p.) Walb., Ichtli. Art., Ill, p. 120. 
Pieuronectes microcephalus , Donov., Brit. Fish., vol. IT, tab. 
42; Fr., Vet.-Akad. Ilandl. 1838, p. 173; Kb. ( Platessa ), 
Damn. Fiske, vol. II, p. 316; Lillj. ( Pleuronectes ), Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. 1850, p. 334; Nilss., Slcand. Fn., Fisk., p. ! 
609; Ekstr., v. Wright, Skand. Fisk., ed. 1, p. 217, tab. 56; 
Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 447 ; Coll., Fork. 
Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tillaegsh., p. 145; Ceperstr., Ofvers. 
Vet.-Akad. Fork. 1876, No. 4, p. 66; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. 
Fn., p. 526; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. 
XII, p. 40; Steind., Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Na- 
turw. Cl., Bd. LXXX, i, 1880, p. 165 (p. 47, sep); Mon. 
{Platessa), Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, p. 294; Day 
( Pleuronectes ), Fish. Gt. Brit., lrel ., vol. II, p. 28, tab. CII ; 
M6b., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., p. 98; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fn., 
Fisk., vol. II, p. 402. 
Pleuronectes Quenselii , Hollbf.rg, Boh. Fisk., Gbgs Wett., 
Witt. Samk. N. Ilandk, part. IV, p. 59 cum tab. 
Pleuronectes qvadridens, Fabr., D. Vid. Selsk. Afh., part. I, p. 
39; Faber, Isis, 1828, p. 884; Id., Fisch. Isl., p. 138. 
Pleuronectes microstomus , Faber, Isis 1828, p. 886; Tidskr. 
f. Naturv. Kbhvn, Bd. 5 (1828) p. 245; Nilss., Prodr. 
Ichth. Scand., p. 53 ; Schagf.rstr., Physiogr. Sallsk. Tidskr. 
1837, H. 3, p. 310. 
Pleuronectes Pola, Cuv., Regne Anim., ed. II (1829), p. 339. 
Pleuronectes Cynoglossus, Nilss., Prodr., 1. c. 
Microstomas latidens, Gottsche, Wiegm. Arch. f. Naturg., 
Jahrg. I, Bd. 2, p. 1 50. 
Obs. It is scarcely probable that Pennant’s Smear-Dab (PI. 
Icevis, Shaw) belonged to this species, for the dorsal fin, according to 
Pennant (Brit. Zool., 1776, III, p. 202), contained 79 rays, the 
greatest depth of the body was 61 % of the length, and “the lateral 
line was much incurvated for the first two inches from its origin.” 
That Pennant’s fig. 106 (representing a Zeugopterus punctatus ) does 
not belong to this species, has already been remarked by Fries. 
Jago’s kitt (Ray: Syn. Pise., p. 162, fig. 1) probably belonged to this 
species*; and Wahlbaum’s PI. kitt would thus enjoy the right of 
* 
priority as a specific name (cf. Jordan and Goss, Rep. Comm. Fish., 
Fisher. 1886, p. 299) if its establishment had not been based as 
much on Pennant's authority as on Jago’s. 
The average length of the Lemon Dab in Scandi- 
navia is about 20 — 25 cm. The largest specimen found 
by Ekstkom in Bohuslan was 40 cm. long, and the 
largest specimen Lilljeborg had seen, 46 cm. long. 
Thus it is usually smaller than the preceding species, 
which it resembles pretty closely in the form of the 
body and the other characters. However, the absence 
of the anal spine, the tumid, red lips, the redder and 
more spotted coloration, the smaller scales — especially 
on the rays of the dorsal and anal tins, where the scales 
are set in 7 or 8 rows — and lastly the abundant mucous 
secretion of the skin (the origin of the name of Smear Dab), 
all combine to render this species easily recognisable. 
The body is of an oblong, oval shape and gene- 
rally deeper than in the preceding species, the greatest 
a From 32 to 40 /, according to Kroyer. 
6 Sometimes 14 1 /,, according to Krgyer, or even 14, according to Gottsche. 
Sometimes 85, according to Collett. 
d From 70 — 76, according to Day and Lilljeborg. 
e Sometimes 6, according to Gottsche. 
I Sometimes 110, according to IvrOYER, or 130, according to Day. 
9 From 46 to 48, according to Gottsche. 
h Cf. Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl., vol. Ill, p. 187. 
