FLOUNDER-FISHES. 
409 
Genus HIPPOGLOSSUS. 
Body comparatively elongated , of a pointed oval shape, and somewhat thick [fleshy). The eyes set on the right 
side and far apart from each other. Jaws and pharyngeal s armed with pointed, mostly bent teeth, set in several 
rotes or in a card. No palatine or vomerine teeth ■ The dorsal fin begins above the upper eye, which is set high. 
Hind margin of the caudal fin concave. Anal spine present, though short. Scales small and cycloid. 
Lateral line sharply arcuate in front. 
The solitary species of this genus has borne the 
name of Hippoglossus, i. e., large tongue", ever since the 
time of Rondelet. Linnaeus employed this name in a 
specific signification; but Cuvier 6 , following his unfor- 
tunate custom, here as in many other cases employed 
the Linnaean specific name fo denote a subgenus, and 
it has since been raised, still more unfortunately, by 
Fleming' to the rank of a generic name. 
THE HALIBUT ( SW. HELGEFLUNDRAN ). 
H I PPOGLOSSUS VULGAR IS. 
Plate XVII, figs. 1 and 2. 
Greatest depth of the body in young specimens (about * 1 3 m. long) about 31 % of its length, in somewhat older 
ones ( about 7* m - long) about 34 or 33 % thereof, and in still older specimens about 30 or 29 % thereof. Greatest 
thickness about x j i — during youth nearer 1 / 5 — of the depth of the body. Least depth of the tail less than 24 % 
of the greatest depth of the body. Lateral line sharply arcuate in the abdominal region. Length of the lower 
jaw less than half that of the head' 1 . Hind extremity of the upper jaw-bone extending back almost to the per- 
pendicular from the middle of the lower eye. The dorsal fin begins at the anterior part of the upper eye, its 
greatest height (the longest ray) occurring exactly opposite the greatest height of the anal fin, at about the middle 
of the length of the body minus the caudal fin. Coloration of the eye side in old specimens blackish, in younger 
ones chocolate-brown, marbled with a lighter tint; blind side white. 
It. hr. 7; D. 99 — 104 e (= x + 5—12-0; A. 73—79? 
(= x + 8—13*); P. 2 + 13 1. 14: V. 2 + 4; C. x + 15 + x\ 
L. lat. 159 — 163 (+ 13 — 15 in pinn. caud.)); Vert. 51 (=16 + 35). 
Syn. Pleuronectes oculis a dextra, lotus glaber, Art., Gen. Pise., p. 
17; <%»., p. 31; Lin., Fn. Suec., ed. II, p. 113, No. 302. 
Pleuronectes Hippoglossus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 
269; Mull., Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 44; Fabr., Fn. Groenl., 
p. 161; Bl., FiscJt. Deutsclil., pt. 2, p. 47, tab. XLVII; Qven- 
sel, Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1806, p. 225; Pall., Zoogr. Ross. 
Asiat.. torn. Ill, p. 421 ; Nilss., Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 57 ; 
Schagerstr., Physiogr. Sallsk. Tidskr. (H. 3), p. 312; Fabeii, 
Fisch. hi., p. 148; Valenc., Voy. Isl., cett. (Gaim.), Poiss., 
pi. 14; Lillj., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1850, p. 333. 
Hippoglossus vulgaris , Flmng, Brit. Anim., p. 199; Dek., 
A r . Y. Fn., pt. IV, p. 294, pi. XLIX, fig. 157 ; Thomps., 
“ “Graeci enim rei magnitudinem indicant (lov et irtrco particulis, ut in ‘ircrcootlivov , iTtTCOpctQcdlQOV . Sic hippoglossum diciinus 
a magnitudine, non a similitudine cum hippoglosso berba.” PiOnd., De Pise., lib. XI, cap. XVI, p. 325. 
b R'egne Animal, 1817, tome II, p. 221. 
c Brit. Anim., 1828, p. 199. 
d The branch of the lower jaw on the blind side, however, may sometimes be equal in length to half the head. 
e Sometimes 98, according to Qvensel and Lilljeborg. 
,, 107, „ ,, Bloch and Day. 
,, 110, ,, ,, Faber and Mobius and Hicincke. 
I According to Lilljeborg. In older specimens, however, even the 33rd ray, counting from behind, may be branched. 
r J Sometimes 81, according to Gottsche. 
,, 82, „ ,, Bloch and Day. 
,, 85, ,, ,, M6bius and Heincke. 
* According to Lilljeborg. In older specimens, however, at least internal ramification may be traced even in the 24th ray, counting 
from behind. 
Scandinavian Fishes. 
