442 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Average in 
Bothus rhombus 
5 specimens. 
Bothus maximus 
4 specimens. 
Length of the bodv expressed in millimetres. 
151 
163 
,, „ „ head 
in 
% of the 
length 
of the 
body 
26.o 
28.9 
Greatest depth of the body 
„ 
11 11 11 
55 
55 55 
55 
46.2 
58.4 
Least „ „ „ „ 
„ 
11 11 11 
„ 
55 55 
„ 
10.6 
10.4 
Postorbital length of the head 
,, 
11 11 11 
55 
55 55 
55 
15.4 
17.7 
Length of the lower jaw on the eye side 
„ 
55 55 55 
55 
55 55 
55 
14.0 
15.3 
- „ „ „ „ „ Wind „ - - 
11 
55 55 55 
55 
55 55 
55 
14.i 
15. b 
base of the dorsal tin 
11 
55 5 5 55 
55 
55 55 
„ 
76.3 
72.8 
,2 ^ 2 1 25 anal 22 -------------------------------------- 
„ 
55 55 55 
55 
55 55 
55 
60.5 
58.6 
,, ,, „ longest ray in the dorsal fin 

55 55 55 
55 
55 55 
„ 
11.0 
12.9 
55 55 55 11 11 5' 11 11 
„ 
„ ,i 0 
55 
55 *5 
55 
11.4 
13.1 
Distance between the anal fin and the tip of the snout 
„ 
55 55 55 
„ 
55 55 
•5 
25.0 
34.4 
Length of the pectoral fin of the eye side 
27 
55 55 55 
„ 
55 55 
11 
11.8 
12.4 
It is only in the length (height) of the ventral fin 
of the eye side and the length of the middle rays of 
the caudal fin that the averages in the Scandinavian 
Brill and Turbot run in the opposite direction to the 
difference which the table on p. 407 shows between the 
Plaice and the Flounder. The average length of the 
longest ray in the ventral fin of the eye side, expressed 
in percent of the length of the body, has proved in 
the Scandinavian Brill to be 7 '5, in the Scandinavian 
Turbot 7*7 , while the corresponding average length 
of the middle rays of the caudal fin is 17 ‘5 in the 
Brill and 19 in the Turbot. The ventral fins are also 
smaller in all respects in the Brill than in the Turbot, 
the average length of the base of the ventral fin, ex- 
pressed in percent of the length of the body, in the 
specimens of the Brill included in the above table, 
being 9'1 on the eye side and 7‘4 on the blind side, 
while the corresponding percentages in the specimens 
of the Turbot included in the above table are respect- 
ively ll’l and 8‘9. 
To this comparison we may also add that, just as 
the Plaice has more vertebras and more rays in the 
dorsal and anal fins than the Flounder, the Brill also 
surpasses the Turbot in these respects. And just as 
the Plaice generally has only cycloid scales, while the 
Flounder is distinguished by its spinous warts, the Brill 
is furnished with cycloid scales, thin, small and im- 
bricated on both sides of the body, on the rays of the 
vertical fins, and on part of the rays of the left pec- 
toral fin, while the Turbot, as we have mentioned, is 
without these scales, but has its spinous tubercles. 
In other respects, however, these two species are 
so like each other that no detailed description of the 
Brill can be necessary. Still, the Brill is much thinner 
and of a more elliptical form. The greatest thickness 
of the body, which occurs in the anterior part of the 
abdominal region, seems never to exceed 8 % of the 
length of the body: in young specimens, between 9 and 
11 cm. long, we have found this percentage to vary 
between 7 ‘8 and 7 '2, while in more adult specimens, 
up to a length of 22 cm., it has varied between 6*6 
and 6'4. Another, more important characteristic appears 
in the anterior rays of the dorsal fin, the anal fin, and 
the ventral fin of the eye side. The first rays of the 
dorsal fin, in full-grown specimens back to the fifth ray, 
are deeply and repeatedly branched, the first and second 
rays being also usually longer than those immediately 
following them, which gradually diminish in length until 
at the fifth or sixth ray — in old specimens at the 
seventh ray — they again begin by little and little to 
increase in length". The first, multifid rays also project 
beyond the true fin-membrane, sometimes to half their 
length, but are themselves furnished with a small, mem- 
branous flap along the anterior and posterior margins, 
thus acquiring a flat, lobate appearance. The remainder 
of the dorsal fin'' is composed of more or less distinctly 
bifid rays, their tips above the fin-membrane growing 
gradually shorter behind. The greatest height (longest 
ray) of the dorsal fin occurs between the 35th and 50th 
rays. Its beginning lies further forward on the snout 
than in the Turbot, a point that is best illustrated by 
the circumstance that the anterior nostril of the blind 
“ The anterior part of the dorsal fin is very frequently elevated in the preceding genus. 
6 The anterior rays of the dorsal fin, in adult specimens back to at least the 25tli raj' (as in the preceding species), are furnished 
on the blind side of the body with a thin, raised, membranous margin. 
