466 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
hind extremity of either maxillary 
bone — more than 84 % of the 
length of the lower jaw): 
a: Length of the snout more than 
8 % of the length of the body 
or than 75 % of the postorbital 
length of the head Gadus merlangus. 
b: Length of the snout less than 
8 % of the length of the body 
or than 70 % of the postorbital 
length of the head : 
a: Least depth of the tail more 
than 40 % of the length of 
the third dorsal fin Gadus luscus. 
(j: Least depth of the tail less 
than 33 % of the length of 
the third dorsal fin Gadus minutus. 
B: Tip of the lower jaw projecting 
in front of the tip of the snout 
(length of the snout and upper 
jaw-bone less than 82 % of that of 
the lower jaw): 
a: Least depth of the tail more 
than half the distance between 
the tip of the snout and the 
hind extremity of the maxillary 
bones or than 1 / 3 of the length 
of the third dorsal fin : 
a: Length of the lower jaw less 
than 13 % of that of the body; 
length of the base of the first 
dorsal fin more than 75(85?)% 
of the length of the lower jaw Gadus virens. 
j: Length of the lower jaw more 
than 13 (14?) % of that of the 
body; length of the base of 
the first dorsal fin less than 
73(70?) % of the length of 
the lower jaw Gadus pollachius. 
b: Least depth of the tail less than 
half (43 %?) of the distance be- 
tween the tip of the snout and 
the hind extremity of the maxil- 
lary bones or than J / 4 of the 
length of the third dorsal lin._ Gadus Esrnarkii. 
2: Length of the base of the first dorsal 
fin less than '/ 4 of that of the base of 
the first anal fin, and the length of 
the base of the second dorsal fin less 
than 7g of the latter Gadus poutassou. 
THE HADDOCK (sw. koljan). 
GADUS iEGLEFINUS. 
Plate XXII, fig. 1 and Plate XXIII, fig. 2. 
Length of the base of the first anal fin less than half the distance between this fin and the tip of the snout. Upper 
jaw most prominent. Length of the lower jmv 35 — 40 % of that of the head. Least depth of the tail 50 — 60% 
of the length of the lower jaw a . One, short barbel under the chin. One, large, blackish spot on each side of 
the forepart of the body, just below the lateral line, which is dark or even black. 
R. hr. 7; D. 14 — 17;20 — 24 19 — 22 ? '; A. 21 — 25 c |20 — 24 
P. 19 — 21; V. 6; C. #+20 — 24 + #; Vert. 53 — 54. 
Syn. Aigrefin 1. Aiglefin, Belon., Nat., Divers. Poiss., p. 118; Gadus, 
No. 7, Art., Syn., p. 36; Anon, Duham., Tv. Peches, part, j 
II, sect. 1, p. 133, tab. XXIII, fig. 1; Isa, Olaesen, Reise 
Isl. , I, p. 357, tab. XXVI. 
Gadus Aeglefinus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 251; 
Mohr, Isl. Naturh., p. 64; Cov. (subg. Les Monies), Regn. 
Anirn., ed. 1, tom. II, p. 212; Flmng ( Morrhua ), Brit. Anim., 
p. 191; Nilss. (subg. Merlangus), Prodr. Ichtli. Scand., p. 42; 
Fr., Ekstr., v. Wright (Gadus), Skand. Fislc., ed. I, p. 86, 
tab. 19; Storer (Morrhua), Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. II 
(1839), p. 454; Kr. (Gadus), Damn. Fiske, vol. 2, p. 42; 
Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 550; Gill (Melanogramnius), 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1862, p. 280 et 1863, p. 237; 
Gthr (Gadus), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 332; 
Mgrn, (Jfvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1864, p. 529; Coll., Vid. 
Selsk. Forh. Christ. 1874, Tilhegsh., p. 108; ibid., 1879, No. 
1, p. 66; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII 
(1879), p. 28; Mor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, p. 
237; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 283; Jord., Gilb., 
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 803; Mob., Hcke, Fisch. 
Osts., p. 75; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, p. 54; Br. 
Goode (Melanogramnius), Fisher., Fisher. -Industr. U. S., 
Sect. I, p. 223, pi. 59, A; Hansen (Gadus), Zool. Dan., 
Fiske, p. 67, tab. IX, fig. 4. 
Aeglefinus Linnei , Malm , Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 481. 
Ohs. Owing to its short lower jaw the Haddock, as we have 
mentioned above, ranks as a type quite distinct from the rest of the 
Scandinavian Codfishes, but in this respect perhaps coincides with the 
American Tomcod in the west of the Atlantic. In this case the latter 
species, with its widely separated dorsal and anal fins, bears the same 
“ In Haddock fry from Spitzbergen, taken in Ice Fjord in September, 1861, 35 mm. long, I find the length of the lower jaw to mea- 
sure 45 % of that of the head, and the least depth of the tail 46Yo % of the former. The latter percentage might indeed, to the best of 
our knowledge, be of some use as a specific character; but the corresponding percentage in old specimens of Gadus navaga comes too near 
it. Thus the above given character based on these two points must be used with precaution. 
6 Sometimes 23, according to Kroyer. 
26 
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