504 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
the tail that only one or two vertebrae of the spine 
are left, at the base of the caudal fin, where the skin 
keeps the two halves together. It is then hung up on 
poles, and left there till perfectly dry, when the stock- 
fish is ready. 
To the Norwegian fisherman the Coalfish is of no 
small importance. According to Collett 2 or 3 mil- 
lion kgm. of dried Coalfish are annually exported from 
Norway, chiefly to Sweden and Finland; and in Fin- 
mark 30 or 40 thousand barrels (100 or 140 thousand 
bushels) of fresh Coalfish are bought up for the Rus- 
sian market. 
(Ekstrom, Smitt.) 
THE POLLACK (sw. lyrtorsken). 
GADUS POLLACHIUS. 
Plate XXIV, fig. 3. 
Length of the base of the first anal fin more than half the distance between this fin and the tip of the snout. 
Lower jaw most prominent, its length being at least about 55 % of that of the head and , as a rule , more than 
14 % of that of the body. Distance between the tip of the snout and the hind extremity of the maxillary bones 
at most about 70 % of the length of the lower jaw , but greater than the length of the ventral fins, which is at 
most °/ 5 of -the least depth of the tail or even less than it. Least depth of the tail more than 36 % of the length 
of the lower jaw , than 40 % of the base of the third dorsal fin or of the length of the pectoral fins, or than 85% 
of the least breadth of the interorbital space. Distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout at 
least about 30 % of the length of the body. Length of the snout less than 62 % of that of the lower jaw, but 
at least about 70 % a of the postorbital length, of the head. Length of the middle rays of the caudal fin more 
than #7 2 % of that of the body. Lateral 
R. br. 7; D. 11— 13*|l7 c — 2l|l6 J — 20; A. 27 e — 3 1 1 1 8^ — 20; 
P. m— 19; V. G; C. x + 25—29+x; Vert. 53 1. 54. 
Syn. Asellus fiavescens , Schonev., Ichth. Slesv. Hols., p. 20, No. 9, 
Asellus Hnitingo Pollachius, Willughby, Hist. Pise.,]). 1G7; 
Gadus No. 3, Art. Iclith., Gen. p. 20: Syn., p. 35; Lyr- 
bleck, Lin., It. Westrog, p. 177; Lyr, Strom, Siindm. Pester., 
part. I, p. 294; Lieu, Duh., Tr. Pech., part. II, sect. I, 
p. 121, tab. XX. 
Gadus Pollachius, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, tom. I, p. 254; 
Fn. Suec., ed. II, p. 112, Osb. ( Lerbleking ), Vet.-Akad. 
Handl. 1767, p. 245, tab. VII: Retz., Fn. Suec. Lin., 
p. 321; Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 43; Fr. et v. We., 
Skand. Fisk., ed. I, p. 89, tab. 20; Kr. ( Merlangus ), 
Danm. Fiske, vol. II, p. 123; Nilss. {Gadus), Skand. Fn., 
Fisk. p. 562; Thomps., Nat. Hist. Irel., vol. IV, p. 183; 
Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus. Fish., vol. IV, p. 338; Steind., 
Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. Cl., Bd. LVII, i 
(1868), p. 706; Coll. Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ., 1874, Til- 
lajgsh., p. Ill; N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29 (1884) 
p. 82; Winth., Naturli. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. Ill, vol. XII, 
p. 30; Mor. ( Merlangus ), Hist. Nat., Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, 
p. 241; Day, (Gadus), Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 296, 
ne arcuate in front, and of a dark colour. 
tab. LXXXIII, fig. 2; Mob., Hcke, Fiscli. Osts., p. 80; Storm, 
Norsk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. (Trondhj.) 1883, p. 34; Lillj., Sv., 
Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. II, p. 92. 
Gadus lycostomus, Faber, Tidskr. Naturv. Kbhvn, vol. 5 (1828), 
pp. 215 et 251 (vide Kroyer, 1. c.). 
Pollachius Linnet, Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 487. 
The Pollack, according to Moreau, sometimes 
attains a length of as much as 13 dm.; but it is ge- 
nerally smaller than the preceding species, and the 
largest Pollacks taken in Scandinavian waters are sel- 
dom more than between 45 and 60 cm. long. The 
body, which is deepest at the vent, tapers from this 
point both forward and backward. The back is mo- 
derately convex, and is furnished in old Pollacks with 
a small longitudinal depression or groove just in front 
of the first dorsal fin. The belly is rounded in front 
of the vent, but somewhat carinated behind it. The 
sides are moderately convex, the greatest breadth (thick- 
a Usually 72—78 %. 
h Sometimes 14, according 
c „ 15 , 
15, 
23. 
16, 
16, 
to KR0YER. 
?> 11 
„ Day. 
11 11 
0 
11 
Krgyer. 
