508 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
NORWEGIAN WHITING POLLACK (sw. hvitlinglyha.) 
GADUS ESMARKII. 
PI. XXVII, A, fig. 1, and Fig. 122. 
Length of the base of the first anal fin more than half the distance between this fin and the tip of the snout. 
Lower jaw most prominent, its length being at least about 52 % of that of the head, but less than 14 % of that 
of the body. Distance between the tip of the snout and the hind extremity of the maxillary bones at most about 
82 % a of the length of the lower jaiv, and in adult specimens less than the length of the centred fins, which is 
at least twice the least depth of the tail. Least depth of the tad less titan 35 % of the length of the lower jaw 7 
than 25 % of the base of the third dorsal fin, or than 27 % of the length of the pectoral fins. Distance betiveen 
the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout at most about 28 % of the length of the body. Length of the snout 
less than 62 (56?) % of that of the lower jaw. Length of the middle rays of the caudal fin more than 6 1 / 2 % 
of that of the body. Lateral line dark (though not very distinct) and anteriorly slightly curved. 
Fig. 122. Gadus Esmarkii, natural size. From Stromstad Fjord, Sept., 1888. C. A. Hansson. 
R. br. 7; D. 14 — 16|23 & — 26|24 & — 27 ; A. 26—30)24—38; 
P. 19; V. 6; C. * + 20 — 24+*; Vert. 52. 
Syn. Gadus minutus , Esm. (nec Lin.), Forli. Skand. Naturf. M. Christ. 
1844, p. 231; Malm (Bor eog adits'), Gbgs, Boh. Fn, p. 486. 
Gadus Esmarkii, Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 565; Gthr, 
Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 337; Coll., Forli. Vid. 
Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tillaegsh., p. 109; N. Mag. Naturv. 
Christ., Bd 29 (1884), p. 81; Cederstr., Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. 
Forli. 1876, No. 4, p. 66; Storm, Norsk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 
(Trondhj.) 1883, p. 34; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fn., Fisk., 
vol. 2, p. 98. 
Gadus Esmarkii (Sw. hvitlinglyra 0 = Whiting Pol- 
lack), like the Poor Cod, is one of the smallest Scan- 
dinavian species of this genus, and hardly attains the 
same size as the latter. Our largest specimen from 
Bohuslan is a little under 19 cm. in length, but Collett 
gives 240 mm. as the maximum length of this species 
within his experience. The form of the body is more 
elongated and thinner than in the Pollack or the Coal- 
fish, the greatest depth varying between about 17 and 
19Y 2 % of the length of the body, and the greatest thick- 
ness betiveen 9 and 10 % of the latter. The least depth 
of the body, just in front of the caudal fin, is hardly 
more than 4 % (at most 47 2 %) of its length. The 
dorsal and ventral profiles are fairly regular, but the 
latter is more arched in front, and at the beginning 
“ Never quite so much, according to our investigations. 
b Sometimes 22, according to Lilljeborg. 
c CederstrAm, 1. c. 
