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fossil elk of Ireland. 
The peat is from one to two feet thick ; and beneath this is a 
bed of white shell marl, varying from i-J to Sj feet in thick- 
ness, succeeded below by bluish clay marl, of an unascer- 
tained depth, but in one place it was found to exceed 12 feet. 
This bluish clay marl becomes white, and falls to powder on 
being dried. Coarse gravel is said to occur, partially at 
least, below the marl. 
In this small valley portions of the skeletons of eight indi- 
viduals were found, seven of adult, and one of a young ani- 
mal, all belonging to the gigantic elk. With these also 
occurred the pelvis of an adult animal, probably referable to 
the red deer ; and the skull of a dog, of the size of that of 
% 
an ordinary water spaniel. 
The bones that were first discovered were found at the 
depth of two or three feet below the surface; and Mr. 
Maunsell had the advantage of seeing them before they 
were displaced. Most of the above mentioned remains were 
lodged in the shell marl ; many of them, however, appeared 
to rest on the clay marl, and to be merely covered by the 
shell marl. But parts of some of the bones were immersed 
in the peat also : these were tinged of a blackish colour, and 
were so extremely soft in consequencs of the moisture they 
had imbibed, that it was with difficulty the horns found in 
this situation could be preserved entire ; yet, when carefully 
handled and allowed to dry, they became as firm and hard 
as the rest. 
Some of the bones of the elk showed marks of having 
been diseased ; and one rib had evidently been broken, and 
afterwards reunited. Another rib exhibited a remarkable 
perforation of an oval form, about half an inch long, and 
