18 
in these he finds the following fossils : — Cladophlebis australis, Taeuiopteris spathulata, Otozamites 
feistmanteli, Sphenopteris superba, Neocalamites, Ptilophyllum pec fen, Dictyophylhm davidi. The 
Geological Survey of Queensland considers the whole series to have been deposited in fresh water, 
and it has the characteristics of a fresh water formation. It was certainly laid down in very 
shallow water. The strata are very false.-bedded and lenticular, so much so that local dips have 
to be taken with great caution. Every kind of deposit, even some of the massive sandstones, 
tend to thin out or to change entirely in character when traced along the strike, becoming more 
closely bedded, with lenticular beds of shale intercalated along the planes of bedding. Pebble 
beds are developed in places in some of the sandstones, which may indicate local areas of 
contemporaneous erosion which are often to be found in such shallow water deposits. The 
traverses made by ourselves would suggest that while Dr. Jensen's subdivisions may hold good 
X. of Roma, they could not be taken altogether as a generalization of the sequence at present. 
Owing to the variable nature of the strata some modifications seem to be necessary from place 
to place as the beds are traced along their outcrops. However, the geology of this belt of Walloon 
country has been worked out in so little detail yet that any attempt to dogmatize with regard to a 
general sequence would be unscientific. Near Juandah, the terminus of the branch line of railway 
running northwards from Miles, sandy shales and mudstones are well developed in what we take 
to be the Middle Walloons. Massive sandstones are exposed near the town containing huge 
hemispherical concretions due to accumulations of iron and calcium carbonates in the sand. 
Concretionary ironstone lenses also occur sometimes, containing Taeniopteris, Cladophlebis, &c. 
The whole of the exposures show irregular false bedding. 
North of Juandah, toward Taroom, sandy shales and sandstones alternate, the sandstone 
horizons forming low* hills. Though the general direction of dip is to the S.E., there is some local 
folding into small anticlines and synclines. Carbonaceous matter is scattered through these beds 
in places and silicified wood is plentiful in some of the sandy shales. West of Juandah, in Woleebee 
Creek, we observed a coal seam of not very good quality, and about 3 feet in thickness. The dip 
was S.W. at about 10°. The seam occurs in sandy shales overlain by a massive sandstone which 
is full of fossil wood, tree trunks and stems, varying greatly in size and diameter, being preserved 
as sandy casts heavily stained with iron. This appears to occur in the Middle Walloons. 
In Weringa Creek to the N.E. of Juandah another coal seam was observed, probably at a 
lower horizon. The coal here is of good quality, and is 18 inches to 2 feet in thickness. The 
seam extends right across the bed of the creek, and can be traced for some distance. It dips 
to the W. at about 4°, although some rolling is observable and reverse dips were noted. Underlying 
the coal seam were fine blue clay shales containing carbonaceous matter. and fossil ferns. 
4 . 
Coal Scam in Walloon Beds, Weringa Creek, near Juandah 
Photo , L. C. Boll 
Six miles south of Juandah clayey shales with thin beds of sandstone outcrop. In a small 
quarry near the road these have been altered by heat, the shales being baked into porcellanites, 
and the sandstones so fused as to become scoriaceous and vesicular. Whole beds are shattered 
into a sort of breccia set in a fused slag. A thin coal seam near the floor of the quarry has been 
turned into coke. The occurrence looks like contact metamorphism, but no igneous rocks are 
observable in the vicinity. These metamorphosed beds can be traced toward the railway line, 
