68 
SupplemPYtt  to  the  '‘’‘Tropical  Agriculturist''' 
[Jiih’  1,  1895. 
l)hysique  of  tbe  aniinalsoperated  upon.  Tlie  abuse 
of  the  hraiiding  iron  deserves  the  attention  of  not 
only  tho.se  who  are  interested  in  the  ])revention  of 
cruelty  to  animals,  bntahso  of  those  who  are  con- 
cerned witli  the  improvement  of  the  breed  of  cattle 
in  the  country.  Indeed,  we  ought  to  lie  able  to  cri- 
minally prosecute  every  man  guilty  of  such  wanton 
cruelty. 
The  nfttuml  marks  found  in  the  body  of  animals 
chiefly  consist  of  coloured  batclies  of  white,  black, 
ikc.,  and  hair-marks  in  the  form  of  a feather,  com- 
monly known  a.s  Suli  in.Sinhale.se.  These  latter 
marks  are  formed  by  hairs  being  arranged  in  a 
Xieculiar  form  on  tlie  surface  of  tlie  skin.  Ani- 
mals hariiig  white  jiatches  on  a .single  limb  are 
suppo.sed  to  be  unlucky  ; but  white  iiatchesou  two 
similar  limb.',  either  the  fore  or  hind,  go  to  recom- 
mend an  animal.  Again,  three  wliite  legs  or  two 
whites,  taken  diagonally  are  cou.sidered  an  un- 
lucky arrangemout.  Four  white  logs  and  a whiti; 
])atcii  on  the  forehead  go  to  form  t he  best  marks 
that  an  animal  could  jjossess  and  are  known  in 
India  as  Vanchk((hj(in  or  the  “ five  grace'.  As 
vegard.s  featlu'r  marks  (.SVy<.<),  Arab  horse 
owners  con.sider  two  on  the  forehead  in  a line  with 
the  eye.s' to  be  liuiky.  One  between  the  throat  and 
the  chest  is  considered  to  be  of  such  gre.it  value 
that  its  occurrence  makes  every  other  unlucky 
mark  that  may  be  pre.sent  of  no  c mseipience.  The 
uiducky  marks  recogni.red  among  the  Arabs  are 
numerous,  but  tlie  following  are  the  princijial  : 
two  marks  on  the  forehead,  one  above  the  other, 
inclined  to  a side;  one  on  the  side  of  the  neck  ; two 
on  each  .side  of  the  neck  ; one  on  the  che.-<t  and 
one  underneath  the  chest.  There  are  some  peo[)le 
will)  even  go  the  length  of  attaching  imxiortance 
t«  hair  marks  on  the  body  of  man. 
W.  A.  1).  S. 

L.WV.S  OF  CFYLON  KFL.VTINO  TO 
AOIUCULTL'RF. 
6.  No  appeal  lies  to  any  Court  against  the 
decision  of  anv  Council,  (iovernment  Agent,  or 
Incpiirer,  but  the  party  aggrieveil  may  iietition 
the  (iovernor  after  apiih’ing  for  relief  in  the  first 
instance  to  the  (iovernment  .\gent.  Apiilicati an 
to  the  (iovernment  Agent  lor  this  purjiose  must 
be  made  by  a written  iietition  witbin  14  days 
exclusive  of  .'Sundays  and  i>uhlic  liolidays  from  the 
date  of  the  decisiiin  complained  of.  Application 
to  tlie  (iovernor  must  also  be  made  by  ])etitioa 
within  14  days  e.vclusive  of  Sundays  and  public 
holidays  from  the  date  of  communication  of  the 
(dovernment  Agent's  order. 
7 In  default  of  payment  of  the  penalty 
imposed  by  the  rre.sident,  Government  Agent  or 
Inquirer,  the  defaulter  may  be  sentenced  to  under- 
go simple  or  rigorous  imxirisoument  for  a xieriod 
not  e.xceediiig  14  days. 
8.  The  Council  or  Government  Agent  or  the 
Inquirer  may  direct  that  a xiortion  of  the  penalty 
be  paid  to  the  person  aggrieved  by  the  act  in 
respect  of  which  the  penalty  was  impo.sed.  The 
acceptance  of  such  sum  by  the  iierson  aggrieved 
debars  liim  from  .siieing  for  the  recovery  of  any 
damages  sustained  by  him  by  reason  of  the  act 
comiilained  of. 
CllAl’TRK  Vll. 
Cmxtrmtion,  llefrdr  and  Impronemmt  nf  InP/a- 
tion  W ort}.— In  order  to  p ro vide j moans  for  the 
construction.  ro])nir  or  improvement  of  works 
connected  with  the  cultivation  of  paddy  lands 
and  to  keep  chauiuds  which  supply  water  to  such 
lauds  free  from  obstruction  and  in  jiroper  order, 
it  .shall  be  lawful  for  the  Government  Agent,  at 
his  own  instance,  or  on  the  application  of  a reason- 
alile  number  of  jiroprietors  to  call  a meeting  of 
the  Jiroprietors  to  determine  by  a majority  of  the 
jirojirietors  present  either  in  jierson  or  by  jiroxy 
in  writing,  whether  it  is  e.xpedient  that  such 
works  be  constructed,  rejiaired  or  imjiroved  ; ami 
if  so,  whether  or  not  Government  aid  is  neces<ary 
for  .such  work.  If  the  majority  jiresent  shall 
determine  that  suoh  aid  is  not  necessirv,  they 
shall  jiroceed  to  determine  the  rate  of  subscrij)- 
tion  in  muiey  or  of  c lutribution  in  labour  jiay- 
able  by  e.ich  jirojirietor  towards  the  work  and 
tlieir  decision  shall  be  recorded  and  shall  be 
bimling  on  all  the  proprietors  whose  lands  are 
benetitted  by  such  work. 
If  Government  aid  be  deemed  necessary,  the 
Government  Agent  .shall  make  application  for 
.such  aid  to  the  Provincial  Irrigation  Board.  Tlie 
apiilicatioa  shall  be  accompanied  by  a specilica- 
tion  showing  the  allotments  likely  to  be  benefited 
by  such  work  and  the  names  of  the  jirojirietors 
of  the  allotments.  The  Ihovincial  Irrigation 
Board  may,  if  it  thinks  fit,  cause  plans  and  esti- 
mates to  be  jirejiared. 
u.  If  the  estimate  doe.s  not  exceed  ll'2,.'i')3,  the 
Provincial  Irrigation  Bo.ird,  wdth  the  sanction  of 
the  Central  Board,  may  execute  the  wnirk, 
4.  If  the  estimate  e.xceeds  R2,5'J4,  the  Pro- 
vincial Irrigation  B lard  may  refer  the  matter  to 
the  Ce.itral  Irrigation  Board,  who  may  sanction  the 
work.  Such  sanction  shall  lie  jiiiblished  in  each 
village  affected  by  the  work  by  heat  of  tom-tom. 
d.  The  costs  of  all  works  undertaken  in  any 
jirovince  shall  lie  defrayed  from,  and  shall  not 
e.xceed,  the  jKortion  of  the  irrigation  fund  ajiji  ir- 
tioned  to  such  jirovince  for  that  year. 
(i.  In  case  of  works  the  cost  of  which  cannot 
be  defrayed  from  the  irrigation  fund,  application 
shall  In  made  to  the  Governor  in  Executive  Cinn- 
cil  liy  the  Central  Irrigation  Board.  The  apjdici- 
tion  must  set  forth  the  necessity  for,  and  the 
jirobable  cast  of,  such  work  together  with  a sjieei- 
tic  ilion  of  the  lauds  likelv  t.  i be  benefited  theivliv. 
11.  A T 
( Tn  hi‘  cmithnipd. ) 
THE  MAF.VI). 
The  real  value  of  tlie  m iund  has  often  p.“rple\e  i 
us  in  our  perusal  of  Indian  rejiorts  and  p udodie  ils. 
The  word  is  hardly  ever  used  in  C'ylon  except 
with  reference  to  tea  seed,  in  whicli  cuinection 
the  miund  is  understood  to  imply  a weight  8 ) Uis. 
What  is  strange  is  that,  seeing  how  varialile  the 
maiuul  is,  those  who  make  u.se  of  the  word  do  t ot 
indicate  its  value  in  terms  of  the  standard  jHiund 
avoirdupois  so  as  to  avoid  misconcejition.  In 
order  to  clear  our  doubts  about  the  real  value  of 
the  Indian  measure,  we  lately  con.snlteil  a com- 
petent authority  (an  agricultural  ollicer  of  higli 
standing  in  India)  amlareglad  t.o  be  .able  to  give 
our  reailers  the  lnuieflt  of  th  ■ inform  it  ion  wit  h 
ivhich  we  have  been  8uji|dii*d.  'I’li  > lollowing  is 
our  referee’s  rejily  to  our  (|uery  : 
The  miuud  varies  very  much  in  weight  in 
different  parts  of  India.  The  Imperial  miund  has 
