2i6 
Siqjplemeni  to  the  “ Tropical  Agriculturists  [Sept.  2, 1895. 
a few  more  appliances  such  as  cans,  jars,  churns  \'C. 
would  meet  all  the  requirements. 
As  an  instance  it  may  be  mentioned  that  t g" 
experiments  conducted  in  the  Bombay  Presidency 
and  the  North-Western  provinces  of  India  some  few 
years  back  have  given  such  an  impetus  to  the 
industry,  that  at  present  tliere  are  over  fifty  or 
sixty  small  butter  factories  in  the  Bombay  Presi- 
dency alone  wdiere  cream  seperators  are  used  with 
the  greatest  advantage.  These  factories  have  be- 
come central  stations,  where  the  out-put  of  milk  in 
the  adjoining  villages  is  readily  purchased.  Bombay 
butter  now  not  only  meets  the  demand  of  the 
Presidency  to  a great  extent,  but  as  we  are  aware 
is  obtainable  even  in  many  of  the  Colombo  stores. 
It  has  to  be  noted  in  this  connection,  that  for 
the  manufacture  of  butter  the  cost  of  fresh  milk 
will  have  to  be  comjiaratively  cheap,  but  if  the 
price  obtainable  leaves  a margin  of  profit  to  the 
owner  of  the  cows,  there  is  no  reason  to  fear  any 
possibility  of  failing  in  obtaining  a proper  supply 
of  milk  for  the  purpose  of  butter  making. 
The  experiments  at  the  Poona  Dairy  farm  have 
shewn  that  74  lbs.  of  cow’s  milk  gave  3 lbs,  6|  oz. 
butter  orl  lb.  butter  from  217’3  lbs.  milk.  Again, 
43  lbs.  of  buffaloe  milk  gave  3 lbs.  10  oz.  butter 
or  1 of  butter  to  14'29  of  milk. 
Thus  it  is  seen  that  buffaloe  milk  yields  a much 
larger  percentage  of  butter  than  cov.  s’  milk,  and 
there  is  no  reason  why  buffaloe  milk  should  not  be 
put  to  this  use  here. 
The  following  analysis  of  cow’s  milk  (Sind)  and 
buffaloe’s  milk,  at  the  Poona  Dairy  Farm  is  also 
very  suggestive : — 
Water 
Butter  fat... 
Caesin 
Milk  sugar 
Mineral  rr.atter 
Cows. 
B5'53 
5 ’43 
2 95 
5-40 
•69 
Buffaloe. 
82-13 
7-73 
4- 03 
5- 31 
•80 
10000  100-00 
W.  A.  D,  S. 
BLACK  SMUT  ON  OEANGE  TREES. 
in  tlie  event  of  the  emulsion  having  become 
lumpy.  This  should  be  applied  to  the  trees  in  as 
fine  a spray  as  possible  with  the  help  of  a suitable 
apparatus  tsuch  as  the  Vermorel  “ Knapsack,’ 
sprayer,  or  the  Antipe.st  sprayer). 
All  parts  of  the  tree  should  be  wetted,  and 
the  treatment  should  be  repeated  at  intervals  as 
necessary,  as  there  are  times  and  seasons  when 
the  treatment  will  be  all  ended  with  much  better 
results  than  at  others.  In  addition,  the  trunk 
and  larger  limbs  of  the  tree  may  be  advantageously 
painted  over  (by  means  of  a paint  or  white- 
wash brush)  with  the  following : — Flowers  of 
sulphur,  4 lb ; soft  soap  and  water,  6 gallons  ; 
or  with  “ Parker’s  remedy  ” which  is  made  up 
thus  : a thin  flour-and-sulphur  paste  containing 
three  parts  by  weight  of  sulphur  to  every  one  of 
floiu’,  the  paste  to  be  made  by  boiling  in  the 
ordinary  way,  and  the  sulphur  to  be  stirred  in 
while  the  latter  is  still  hot. 
branches  of  an  orange 
smut,  with  a request 
We  have  been  sent  some 
tree  affected  with  black 
to  suggest  a remedy. 
The  fungus  we  may  at  once  state  is  only  a 
secondary  disease  dependent  on  a scale  itisect 
(probably  a lecanium),  and  we  advise  that  the 
ordinary  treatment  against  scale  insects  should 
l>e  at  once  adopted. 
Make  a solution  (by  boiling)  of  4 lb.  of  liard 
soap  or  2 quarts  of  soft  soap  to  a gallon  of 
water.  Cut  the  hard  soap  previou.s  to  boiling 
in  thin  slices  to  assist  solution.  To  every  gallon 
of  boiling  soap  solution  (oft'  the  fire)  add  2 gallons 
of  kerosine.  Then  churn  the  mixture  violently 
with  a force  pump  or  garden  syringe,  driving  it 
backwards  and  forwards  through  the  nozzle, 
keeping  the  latter  always  below  the  surface 
during  the  process;  By  this  means  an  emulsion 
will  bo  formed,  which,  if  perfect,  should  be  of 
the  consistency  of  cream,  and  the  oil  should  not 
separate  out,  even  if  the  emulsion  be  kept  standing 
for  days,  and  it  should  mix  freely  with  water  in 
any  proportion.  This,  when  required,  should  be 
mixed  with  no  less  then  nine  times  its  bulk  of 
water,  which,  if  used  warm,  will  facilitate  dilution 
ABORTION  IN  COWS. 
We  take  the  following  from  the  Neto  South 
Wales  Agricultural  Gazette : — In  a paragraph 
on  this  subject  which  appeared  in  our  February 
issue,  it  was  stated  that  no  preventive  measures 
had  ever  been  found  to  be  of  the  slightest  avail. 
Owing  to  this  statement,  Mr.  E.  R.  Dean,  of 
Goulburn,  has  written  to  the  Department,  pointing 
out  that  some  of  the  American  agricultural  journals 
speak  with  much  confidence  of  the  great  value  of 
Viburnum  prunifolium  as  a preventive  of  abortion. 
He  mentions  that  Dr.  Phares,  speaking  of  the 
action  of  viburnum,  says : — “ It  is  a preventive  in 
habitual  miscarriages.  It  prevents  miscarriage 
from  any  cause.  It  has  never  failed  to  prevent  a 
threatened  abortion  so  far  as  I can  learn.”  And 
the  American  Veterinary  lieview  endorsed  this  as 
follows  : — “ We  simply  add  this  is  literally  true, 
and  confirmed  by  the  thousands  of  cases  since 
treated  all  over  the  United  States  and  in  other 
countries.  No  other  medicine,  perhap.?,  ever  came 
so  soon  into  general  use  and  met  w ith  so  unani- 
mous a verdict  of  approval  among  the  medical 
fraternity.  This  wonderful  medicine  is  found 
native  in  the  forests  of  most  of  the  States  between 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Northern  Lakes,  and 
is  generally  known  by  the  trivial  name  of  ‘ black- 
Imw.’  The  bark  of  the  root  is  used  for  making  a 
tincture  ; or  in  emergency  the  decoction  of  fresh 
bark  serves  well.  * * * jf  pvoj)erly  prepared 
and  administered  it  is  worth,  for  the  purpose 
mentioned,  more  than  all  other  medicines.”  Mr. 
Dean  adds  : — “ Dose  for 
Infusion  ... 
Tincture  ... 
Powder 
Therefore  say  double  or 
do.se  for  a horse  or  cow.” 
( Viburnum  is  a genus  belonging  to  the  order 
Caprifoliacce,  and  is  represented  in  Ceylon  by  two 
distinct  indigenous  species — V.  coriaceum  and  V. 
erubescens.) 
a human  being  : — 
. 4 oz.  I 
1 draclira  ' Four  or  five 
1 drachm  ] times  a day. 
treble  the  quantity  as  a 
GAMBOG’E  AND  BENZOIN. 
Gamboge  is  a gum  ro'^in  yielded  by  tlio  bark  of 
Garcinia  morella  of  Ceylon  and  South  India,  and 
G.  Jlanburyi  of  Siam,  C.uubodia  and  Cochin 
China.  It  is  from  these  latter  places  that  praeti 
