Supplement  to  the  “ Tropical  Agriculturist^  [Jan.  i,  1896. 
504 
179  Pliyllantlius  eiublica.  Nelli. 
18U  ,,  imlicns.  Karawu. 
181  Heinicyclia  sepiaria.  Wiia. 
182  MUcliotlon  zeylanicus.  Taiiuiiaiina. 
183  Aporosa  lactiitolia.  Pepiliya,  Ma-i)at-kobella. 
Hainpotta. 
184  ,,  linilleyana.  Kebella. 
185  Dimovphocalyx  glabellu.s.  Weli-weiina 
186  Mallotus  albus.  Bu-kenda. 
187  Macaranga  toiuentosa.  Kenda.  Pat-kenda. 
188  Chietocaipus  castanocarpus.  Hedawaka, 
Hedoka. 
121  Urticacea?. 
189  Hol^ptelea  iiitegrifolia.  Goda-kirilla. 
190  Celtis  cinnaiiioinea.  tliirenda. 
191  Trema  orientalis.  Geduinba. 
192  8treblus  asper.  Geta-netul. 
193  Ficus  tsiela.  Elanuga,  Ehetu. 
194  ,,  gloinerata.  Attikka. 
195  Artocarpiis  nobilis.  Del,  Wal-del. 
196  ,,  integrifolia.  Ko.s. 
123  Coniferic. 
197  Cryptomeria  japonica. 
198  Cupressus  seinperoireus. 
139  Palmar. 
199  Areca  cateclm.  Puwak. 
200  Caryota  ureus.  Kitul. 
201  Coryplia  umbraculifera.  Tala. 
202  Borassus  llabelliformis.  Tal. 
THE  MANAGEMENT  OF  DAIRY  CATTLE. 
By  Mr.  James  Moleison, 
Superintendent  of  Farms,  L'omhag  Presidency. 
The  constitutions  of  milch  kiae  at  time  of 
parturition  are  delicate.  Indian  cows  and  buf- 
faloes, although  in  a sense  hardier  than  other 
milk  breeds,  are  no  exception  to  the  general  rule. 
Special  care  should  at  this  time  he  exercised  in 
providing  suitable  food  and  other  comforts.  If  a 
cow  or  buffalo  gives  birth  either  during  the 
monsoon  or  in  the  cold  season,  the  animal  must  be 
protected  from  inclemency  of  weather.  E.x- 
lerienced  breeders  will  provide  comfortable  shelter 
during  the  wet  days  of  the  rainy  season  or  the 
chill  nights  of  the  cold  weather.  Acool  shady  place 
will  also  be  found  for  a newly-calved  cow  in  the 
hot  season.  A recently-calved  cow  should  not 
be  turned  out  to  pasture  iu  the  blazing  sun  and 
hioh  day  temperature  of  March,  April  and  IMay. 
Tins  practice  must  be  deprecated  oven  in  the 
cooler  parts  of  India.  During  the  time  a pregnant 
milch  animal  is  “dry,”  whicli  unfortunately 
(specially  as  regards  the  buffalo)  is  rather  a 
Imigthy  period,  the  cow  should  1)0  kept  in  good, 
but”  not  high  condition.  A good  pasture,  well 
.supplied  with  pure  drinking  water  and  sluuly 
trees  will  ordinarily  maintain  iu-calf  cows  in 
good’condition.  But  when  the  natural  pascuragc 
fails,  supplementary  food  of  nutritive  i|uality 
must  be  given.  A full  yield  of  milk  during  the 
next  period  of  lactation  need  not  be  expected  if  the 
precaution  referred  to  has  been  neglected.  Beyond 
thus  a fairly  liberal  allowance  of  concentrated 
food  must  be  allowed  for  at.  least  six  weeks  just 
before  calving.  There  is  a very  great  variety  of 
foods  suitable  and  available  for  Indian  milk  cows, 
hi  the  Deccan,  kadbi  (Ac.,  Jowari,  Sory/tnm 
vulaaro,  straw)  or  hay  of  fair  nutritive  value  are 
the  usual  dry  fodders;  whilst  various  oil-cake.s, 
cotton  seed,  dal  (Vajanus  Indicnx)  husk  (chuni) 
and  wheat  bran  are  the  more  common  con- 
CttuU'tited  foods.  Sesamum  cake  is  perhaps  the 
best  jirocurnble  oil-cake.  Khurdsni  or  niger-see 
cake,  though  rather  objectionable  in  appearance, 
is  considered  a safe  and  nutritive  food.  Safilower 
or  kimimhi  cake,  although  rather  indigestible 
owing  to  the  jiresenceof  a considerable  percentage 
of  fibrous  hu.‘;k  has  an  advantage  over  otlier  cake.^, 
iu  that  it  can  be  bought  at  a sea.soti  whtn  it  is 
cheap  and  thereaft>»  safely  stored.  It  neither 
moulds  nor  turns  rancid  on  keeping.  Cattle  have 
to  get  accustomed  to  it,  however,  before  they  eat 
it  greedily.  Four  to  6 lbs.  ])or  <lay  of  e(|ual 
weights  of  oil-cake  and  bran,  in  addition  to  a fair 
allowance  of  dry  fodder  for  the  six  weeks  before 
cal viiig,  w’ill  keep  a dry  buffalo  thriving.  Le.ss 
will  suffice  for  a cow.  A fortnight  before  calving, 
the  quantity  of  concentrated  food  may,  witli 
advantage,  bo  increased  to  8 lbs.  per  day.  The 
object  is  to  supply  the  iiregnant  animal  with 
concentrated  food  of  a character  wl.ich  will  not 
only  exercise  a slight  la.xative  effect  but  will  also 
improve  the  condition,  .so  that  free  lactation  may 
bo  expected  soon  after  parturition.  If  in  good 
condition,  a full  yield  of  milk  forced  by  extra 
feeding  will  not  deliilitate  the  animal  as  wonitl  bo 
the  case  if  lean,  when  due  to  calve.  For  a week 
after  calving,  the  feeding  of  the  cow  should 
receive  close  attention.  The  food  should  be  of  a 
laxative  character  and  should  not  be  too  rich. 
Cotton  seed,  oil-cake  and  chuni  (liu-k  of  Cajanus 
/ndicus)  should  be  at  this  time  eschewed.  There 
is  no  better  food  for  a newly-calved  buffalo  cow 
than  a mash  consi'^ting  of  boiled  hrijri  (Penninetum 
typhoideum)  to  wliich  has  been  added  an 
equi\'alont  weight  of  bran  whilst  the  cooked  bdjri 
was  still  hot.  Five  pounds  each  of  bdjri  and  bran 
will,  with  the  ordinary  allowance  of  dry  fodder, 
provide  sufficient  ration  for  a day.  Two  oz.  of 
salt  addetl  to  tlie  m.a.sh  will  make  it  all  the  more 
])alalable.  Good  fresh  green  liay  is  at  this  time 
preferable  to  kadbi  {joirdri,  Soryhum  rulyorc, 
straw)  and  if  a limiteil  allowance  o^'  green  fodder, 
say  15  lbs.  per  day,  can  be  givmi,  the  ration  will 
be  improved.  Thus  the  ration  for  a day  of  a 
newly-cal  ,'(!d  buffalo  would  consist  of — 
8 to  12  lbs.  of  good  hay. 
15  lbs.  of  green  grass  or  other  green  fodder. 
5 lbs.  bran  j as  a 
5 \hs.  bdjri  (Pennisetinn  typhoideum)  | hot 
2 oz.  salt  j mash. 
A cow  should  receive  about  fials  of  this  ration. 
Immediately  after  calving,  a hot  drink  made  up 
of  a thin  gruel  or /I'rtq/i  of  ground  bajri  and  bran 
with  a handful  of  salt  tends  to  cause  tin;  after- 
birth to  come  away  (piickly. 
In  Enrojie,  deej)  milking  cows  are  liable  to  milk 
fever  which  is  mo.ff  in-evalent  among  heavy 
milking  cows  proilucing  their  2nd  or  3rd  calf. 
yVs  a ])roventive,  should  there  1)0  any  risk  of  milk 
fever,  the  cow  is  drenched  with  linseed  oil  and 
Epsom  salts  repeatedly  during  the  week  before 
calving.  The  practice,  which  does  not  seem  to 
be  necessary  with  Indian  cattle,  simi)ly  because 
they  are  generally  poor  milkers,  is  elVoidive, 
because  the  laxative  medicine  kcep.s  I ho  bowels 
0[)en  and  prevents  any  undue  secretion  of  milk. 
Under  the  most  favourable  conditions  an  Indian 
cow  or  buffalo  will  not  yield  the  full  (|uantily  of 
milk  for  a week  or  10  days  after  giving  birth, 
'I’heu  the  full  yield  may  be  expectcal  and  ordinary 
food  may  be  given.  A buffalo  in  full  yield 
requires  to  be  specially  well  fed.  1 do  not  think, 
however,  that  any  quantity  beyond  18  lbs.  pet 
