605 
Jan,  1,  189G.]  t^nppJemehit  to  the  Trojiical  Agric^dtiriist.” 
•lay  of  concftil rnU‘(l  food  uill  iiici'capo  (lie  mill; 
yi(!ld  apjirocialily.  A imidcraU'-sizod  liulTulo^iv  in;^ 
over  MO  tlis.  of  milk  jier  diiy  (a  (iiiuutily  sullicient 
to  make  M 11)?.  of  butter)  need  not  get  a larger 
ration.  Any  e.vtra  ijuantity  of  food  ^■\■Ollld  be 
Avaste<l.  A large  framed  Jafferaba<l  buft’alo 
require.?  a larger  ration  than  the  smaller  sized 
Hurat  buffalo  ; and  moreover  the  former  in  llie 
Deccan  are  less  profitable,  because  tbey  require  a 
greater  (|unntity  of  concentrated  food  and  fodder 
to  produce  a given  quantity  of  milk,  yimilarly 
a tiir  cow,  because  usually  of  large  size,  I'equires 
to  be  moi'e  liberally  fed  than  the  smaller  sized 
Aden.  The  latter  1 have  found  to  give  an  ecpial 
yield  of  milk  to  larger  breeds  on  such  less  food. 
It  is  clear  that  no  liard  and  fast  lines  can  be  hiid 
down  regarding  the  feeding  of  cow.s  and  buffaloes 
in  milk.  An  expei-ienced  stock  owner  will  very 
soon  detennine  the  (piantity  of  food  that  can 
ad vantiigeously  be  given  to  atiy  one  of  his  cows 
or  buffaloes.  With  good  management  either  a 
good  cow  or  a good  buffalo  will,  in  India,  milk  u])to 
the  full  capacity  for  four  or  th  e months  after 
calving,  iind  during  this  jiei'iod  thei'e  shoidd  be 
little  or  no  change  in  tlie  daily  ration.  A milch 
animal  has  a ])alate.  however,  and  occasiomil 
N iu'iety  in  ihe  food  is  often  desirable.  If  milk 
cows  are  fed  from  month  to  month  witli  i)recisely 
the  same  food  they  sooner  or  later  may  reject  it 
altogether  or  eat  it  with  le.ss  greed  and  relish. 
An  occasional  change  in  the  I'ation  is,  therefore, 
expedient.  For  this  purjjose  diil  {Vajami^  i/idicus) 
husks  (chuni),  if  not  regulaidy  given,  can  with 
advantage  be  substituted  twice  a week  for  laot 
of  the  other  food  and  occasionally  cru-hcd 
linseed  J lb.  per  animal,  jicr  day,  may  be 
siinilaily  given. 
A milk  register  will,  if  carefully  ktqit,  show  at 
once  when  the  milk  yield  begins  to  diminish.  A 
daily  record  of  the  milk  yield  of  each  animal 
furi’ishes  u.?eful  data.  A glance  at  the  figures 
will  show  when  there  has  been  any  irregularity 
or  disturbing  cause  to  re-act  on  the  milk  yield. 
Moreover,  if  cal•efulI_^  kept,  it  is  a true  guide  as 
to  the  value  of  different  animals.  One  cow  may 
milk  well  to  begin  witli,  but  the  yield  rapidly 
flimini.'h.  Another  cow  may  yield  -steadily  fm-  a 
long  lime  and  be  much  the  more  valuable  .and 
profitable  animal  of  the  t.wo,  although  jn’oducing 
at  no  time  an  abnormally  high  yield.  The  milk 
register  will  al>o  indicate  whether  the  manage- 
ment of  the  cows  has  been  good,  and  moreover 
furnish  dat.i  which  will  enable  the  farmer  to 
discard  one  cow'  whiDt  he  I'etaiins  anotlier  because 
the  latter  has  been  proved  to  be  the  more  profitable. 
When  the  peroid  of  lactation  has  -somewhat 
advanced  and  there  is  evidence  of  a lessening  milk 
yield,  the  ration  should  also  be  dimini.'^hed.  It 
may  be  necessary  to  change  the  food  at  beast  once 
a month.  The  change  will  be  regulated  to  some 
extent  by  the  size  and  condition  of  the  animal,  but 
the  main  consideration  is  ho\y  much  milk  did  the 
cow  give  during  the  previous  month.  An  average 
buffalo  gi)’ing  18  lbs.  of  milk  } er  day  ;ind 
suckling  her  calf  should  have  the  ration  noted 
below.  I have  found  it  both  good  and  liberal:  - 
Dry  fodder  . . . . 16  to  dO  Its. 
Cotton  seed  . . . . . . 4 ., 
J „ 
Oil-c.ake  . . . , . , . . .‘5 
(husk  of  ('(danm  tndicus)  M ,, 
Halt  . . . . . . . . 2 oz. 
The  cotton  seed,  clnmi  (husk  of  Cajavun  indieux) 
and  bran  with  salt  added  shoiihl  be  moisrened. 
The  oil-cake,  broken  into  pieces,  at  most  an  inch 
in  diameter,  may  be  placed  on  the  top  of  tiie 
moistened  mass  but  not  mixed  through  it.  The 
concentrated  food  should  be  given  in  two  meals 
and  at  milking  times.  This  is  jierhaps  a bad 
])iactice  whicli,  however,  cannot  be  avoided. 
Indian  buffaloes  and  cows  have  been  so  accustomed 
to  get  the  food  whilst  being  milked  that  without 
it  they  refuse  to  let  the  milk  down.  The  enjoy- 
ment of  eating  doubtless  induces  a placidity  of 
dis])Osition  at  the  time  which  premits  the  t/avti 
(milkman)  to  milk  rapidly  and  extract  more  milk 
than  he  otherwise  wmiild,  especially  from  those 
animals  which  are  umusually  irritable  and  frac- 
tious. Two-thirds  of  the  dry  fodder  should  be 
given  at  night,  the  remainder  in  the  forenoon. 
The  cows  should  be  milked  at  regular  stated 
hours,  and  there  should  be  no  deviation  there- 
from under  any  circumstances:  6 a.m.  and  o p.m. 
are  suitable  hours.  The  concentrated  food  is 
usually  given  in  tw'o  eijLial  meals  at  these  times. 
Tlie  COW'.'  should  have  free  access  to  pure  water 
three  times  a day.  Duffaloes  should  be  bathed  or 
washed  at  least  once  a day.  .During  the  period 
that  good  grazing  is  available  the  dry  fodder 
may  be  reduced  to  (i  to  (S  Ib.s.  given  at  night 
and  the  concentr.ited  food  reduced  by  ^ or  if 
green  food  is  available  in  reasonable  quantity' 
all  the  year  round,  it  may  be  soiled  to  stall-fed 
cattle.  A large  buffalo  ma.y  be  allowed  up  to 
40  lbs.  jier  day  of  green  food,  and  6 or  8 lbs. 
of  hay  in  addition,  together  with  the  concentrated 
food  ration  already  noted.  Usually  15  or  20  lbs. 
of  green  fodder  per  day  is  all  that  can  be 
allowed.  This  (piantity  may  be  substituted  for 
8 or  10  lbs.  of  hay. 
AILMMNTS  AND  DISFASKS  OF  THE 
IIOESE. 
Bog  Spavin. — This  disease  resembles  a wind- 
gall  in  its  character,  and  is  situated  inside  the 
hock  joint.  For  practical  W'ork  it  is  of  no  great 
con.seipience;  it  is,  how'ever,  an  unsightly  sign  of 
local  weakness  that  pulls  down  a hoise’s  value. 
Oappm)  Hock.— Capped  hock  is  due  to  kicking 
in  the  stable  or  in  harness,  or  from  standing  ami 
slii)])ing  in  badl.Y-jiaved  stables.  Treatmmt. — 
Cold  water  and  friction;  hobble  the  hind  legs  if 
a kicker. 
Sandcuack. — This  is  generally  a crack  from 
the  coronet  dowm  the  hoof.  Treatement — Pare  out 
the  crack  and  cut  off  the  crack  above  and  below,  by 
searing  with  a hot  iron;  rest,  and  keep  the  crack 
clean  wdlh  antiseptic  lotion. 
Seedy  Toe. — This  is  a parting  of  the  crust  of 
1 he  coronet  iroin  t he  soft  horn  at  the  toe  of  the 
foot.  Treafment.—  Send  for  a good  farrier  or 
vet. 
Navicui.au  Disease. — Navicular  disease  of  the 
toot  is  vei'y  serious,  and  is  ulceration  of  the  in- 
terior of  the  hoof.  The  symptoms  are  great 
lameness.  There  is  always  likelihood  of  recurrence 
when  the  horse  is  w'orked.  Cause. — Blows  or 
bruises  on  the  sole  ; concussion;  heredity.  Treat- 
ment.— Hot  baths  for  the  feet;  hot  swabs;  perfect 
rest  for  some  months  and  a cooling  diet. 
U.AMiNiTi.s. — Laminitis.or  fever  in  the  feet,  maj’ 
come  on  suddenly  after  a hard  day  on  hard 
