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THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTQRIS  L |M\rcH  2,  i8g5. 
THE  HEALTHINESS  OF  THE  WVNAAI). 
A correspondent  writinj;  to  the  Madras  Mail 
says : — 
There  is  not  the  sli«,ditest  doiihl  tea  will  Hourish 
in  Wynaad  everywhere,  the  soil  heiii-^  especially  a.1- 
apted  to  its  growth,  but  tea  planters  will  lind  that 
the  labour  question  is  nob  so  easily  solved  as  some 
people  imagine.  Coolies  will  not  stay  in  Wynaad 
during  the  unhealthy  months,  because  they  simply 
die  like  rotten  sheep.  Some  districts,  of  course, arc 
much  healthier  than  others  and  those  closest  to  the 
ghauts  are  the  bests  I consider,  in  these  respects. 
Inland,  Sultan’s  Battery,  es[iecially,is  excei»tionally 
unhealthy  in  March,  April  and  May.  I have  had  I!) 
years’  experience  of  this  district,  and  labour  cannot 
be  had  in  sullicient  numbers  during  these  months, 
and  the  few  that  are  sometimes  induced  to  stay  on, 
die  or  are  otherwise  so  saturated  with  malaria  and 
fever  that  they  are  useless  for  any  work  whatever. 
I am  perfectly  willing  to  pay  enhanced  rates  to 
labour  that  I can  get  in  April  to  do  certain  impor- 
tant work  which  at  that  time  of  year  can  be  done 
well  and  for  half  the  cost  against  June,  July  .and 
August,  heavy  wet  weather.  I have  been  trying  to 
do  this  for  the  past  12  years  and  failed,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  one  year,  when  I did  get  up  a gang  of 
coolies  in  April,  and  after  two  weeks’  work  I lost 
seven  from  choleraic  diarrhuiaandtherest  “cleared.” 
With  regard  to  Mr.  Knight’s  remarks — quoted  by 
you — that  it  h.as  become  a custom  in  Wynaad  to 
leave  the  estates  during  the  hot  months,  all  I have 
to  say  is  that  it  is  a very  good  thing  it  has  become 
a custom,  which  has  probably  saved  several  Euro- 
pean lives  .and  which  accounts  for  the  non- 
mortality  owing  directly  to  imaharia  among  Euro- 
peans. I shall  he  cert.ainly  very  pleased  to  see 
Ceylon  men  and  Cejdon  capital  to  the  fore  in 
Wynaad  ; but  I will  not  s.ay  a district  is  healthy 
when  it  is  not,  merely  to  induce  men  to  invest. 
♦ 
TEA  IN  AMERICA 
New  Youk,  Feb.  (j.-^We  still  have  a dragging  mar- 
ket, particularly  for  Pingsueys  and  Country  Greens, 
which  are  selling  at  phenomenally  low  prices.  There 
is  quite  a large  otl'ering  at  this  week’s  auction. 
English  Breakfasts  are  dull  and  in  buyers’  favor. 
There  is  a fair  demand  for  the  better  grades  of 
Formosa  which  are  not  in  ample  supply,  and,  there- 
fore, these  grades  rule  strong,  but  other  grades  arc 
Weak.  Japans  are  dull  and  easy  for  all  sorts.  It  is 
the  same  disappointing,  discouraging  mai-ket  that  we 
have  had  for  a month. 
Today  at  noon  the  Montgoineiy  Auction  and  Com- 
mission Company  will  sell  packages,  viz,:— 2781 
half-chests  Moyune  including  some  very  desirable 
chops;  4,342  boxes  Piugsuey  ; 101  half-chest  Japan 
and  Nibs;  82  half-chests  .Japan  basket-tired;  75  half, 
chest  Japan  dust;  (>3l  half-chest  Congou;  54  boxes 
Capers  and  orange  pekoe;  6ti  packages  India,  Java 
and  Ceylon ; 486  h df-chest  Foochow,  new  season’s 
140  half-chests  and  boxes  Formosa. — American  Grj- 
cer,  Feb.  5.  
DRUG  BEPURT. 
(From  the  Chemist  and  Dna/fflst.) 
I''i4)iiiary  l.'itli. 
KssiCNTlAE  Oil,.— Citronolla  oil  has  been  in  good  (loiimid 
•itelv  especially  for  shipment  to  America,  and  fair  sales 
nave  been  made.  On  the  spot  the  ipiotation  is  2s  to  2s 
vd  per  lb  and  for  arrival  the  following  prices  have  been 
Inaid  •- Jaiiuary-.March  steamer  shipment  Is  lOd  ; .Imie 
s^iipment.  Is  9d  ; and  August.  Is  S-pl  per  j]-,. 
Till'.  Amstekpam  CI.M  HON.V-M.VKKI'/I'.— Our  cor-espondent 
writ,  s that  the  .Java  cinchona-bark  auction  wliich  will  be 
held  in  Am.itenlam  on  February  20  wiH_  be  cxtreniely 
large,  the  total  d clarations  amounting  to  ^ , 1.5  bales  and 
i;V)  cases,  together  containing  725,21!)  kilos  ot  bark.  I lie 
average  .luinine  contents  of  the  bark  is  .also  exceedingly 
high  viz..  Oil  percent,  the  total  weight  ot  Suliiliate  of 
qinnine  is  the  bark  being  :i0,.50fl  kilo.s  of  wliieli  ;i(i,oii,k^ 
Is  contained  in  the  manufacturing  bark;  the  total  weight 
of  the  manufacturing  b.uk  being  u).’ 002,  and  tluiL  of  the 
pharmaceutical  bark  23,217  kilo.s.- acmist  and  Drui/yint. 
AUSTRALIAN  COCONUT  OIL. 
The  manufacture  of  coconut  oil  is  to  be  one 
of  the  new  .An.str.alian  .staple  iinlustrie.s.  The  lir.st 
sod  was  turned  recently  at  Ralm.aiu  by  Mrs. 
Lever,  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  II.  Lever,  of  Messrs. 
Lever  Rros.,  of  the  first  coconut  oil  mill  in  Aus- 
tralia. The  establishment  is  to  he  of  a very 
complete  and  extensive  character,  cajiahle  of  turn- 
ing out  several  thousand  tons  of  oil  and  oilcake 
per  annum.  Mr.  Lever  has  selected  New  South 
Wales  for  his  ojierations  because  Sydney  is  the 
jndncipal  port  for  the  South  Seas,  whence  the 
oil  mainly  comes  in  the  form  of  coconuts. — Euro- 
ocan  Mail,  Feh.  19. 
AGRICULTURAL  EDUCATION  AND 
EXPERIMENT. 
The  following  are  the  recommendations  of  the  0 ain- 
mittee  appointed  by  Government  under  G.O.,  No.  61)9, 
Revenue,  dated  23rd  October,  1895,  on  the  question  of 
how  best  to  adopt  the  system  of  education  in  Primary 
Schools  to  the  requirements  of  the  agricultural  classes. 
(The  Committee  was  compo.sed  of  Sir  Edward  Buck, 
K.O.S.I.,  Secretary  to  the  Government  of  India, 
Revenue  and  Agricultural  Department,  the  Hon'ble 
Dr.  D.  Duncan,  m.a..  Director  of  Public  Instruction 
Mr.  H.  M.  AVinterbotham,  Acting  Commissioner 
of  Revenue  Settlement  and  Director  of  the  D^art- 
ment  of  Land  Records  and  Agriculture,  Mr.  F.  A. 
Nicholson,  i.e.s,.  Collector  of  Anantamir,  Mr.  C. 
Benson,  m.r.a.c.,  Deputy  Director  of  Laud  Records  and 
Agriculture,  and  Mr  AAb  Keess,  Ji  a.,  m.h  a.c..  Acting 
Principal  of  the  College  of  Agriculture)  : — (1)  That 
Agriculture  should  not  appear  as  a separate  subject 
in  the  curriculum  of  rural  Primary  Schools  but  that  the 
elfort  should  be  to  impart  ati  elementary  knowledge 
ot  it  in  the  group,  “ Object  Lessons  and  Elemen'ary 
Science,”  which  group  should  be  made  a compulsory 
subject ; (2)  that  Agriculture  should  bo  recognised  as 
a separate  optional  subject  for  boys  after  they  have 
passed  the  Fourth  Standard,  and  that,  until  properly 
qualified  teachers  become  available,  tl  e study  of  a 
text-book  on  Agriculture  in  Lower  Sscon.lary  Schools 
will  be  better  than  noth  ug  ; (3)  that  the  necessary 
step  is  to  provide  for  the  training  of  the 
teachers  of  Lower  Secondary  and  Primary  Schools’ 
rural  schools,  and  .that  to  this  end,  every  training 
institution,  where  such  teachers  are  trained,  shou'd 
(a)  have  on  the  staff  a master  qualified  to  teach 
Agriculture,  and  (5)  have  attached  to  it  a school 
garden  ; (1)  that  to  secure  an  adequate  supply  of 
trained  teachors  for  the  rural.  Primary  and  jjower 
Secondary  Schools  an  agricultural  clisi  should  be 
devcloiiod  in  selected  educational  iiistitution.s,  where 
the  general  education  will  be  carried  on  up  to  the 
Upper  Secondary  Examination,  and  spociil  educa- 
tion in  Agriculture  up  to  the  Intermediate  Stand- 
ard. Such  classes  will  need  a small  demoustra- 
tional  farm  for  teaching  purposes,  and  a portion  of 
a Government  experimental  farm  may  be  utilised 
for  the  purpose,  if  there  be  one  in  the  vicinity ; 
(5)  that  it  is  not  otherwise  expedient  to  combine  a 
Farm  School  for  the  above  purpose  with  an  ex- 
perimental farm,  as  proposed  in  the  scheme  of  the 
Madras  Government,  and  ((i)  that  the  early  es- 
tablishment of  experimental  tarms,  as  separate  or- 
ganisations and  (losigued  for  carrying  cm  agricul- 
tural investigation,  is  advisable. — 9/.  Times,  March  2. 
SMOKERS  SHOULD  USE 
CALVEKT’S  DENTJ-PHENOLENE, 
A KKAOl’vANT  LHJIMU  IlK.VrU'ltU'K  .iiNI) 
MDUTll-WASII. 
Editor  ol  lliidth  says  : rim  iiiosl  (’(Vc'ctivo. 
|ii aqiarat ion  for  lidding  fln'  niontli  of  tin'  aronia 
of  loliaeco,  and  leaving  a pleas, nil  lasfe.  " 
Sold  in  l.s'.  (ir/.,  2.V.  6r/.,  and  1 11).  ~s-  iid,  botllos, 
liy  ('Iminisis,  (ve. 
F.  C.  CALVERT  & CO.,  Mancuestfh. 
