872 
Sujqilement  to  the  “ Tropical  AgricaUin'istT 
[June  1,  1896. 
wei^'lit  of  tlie  keniels  of  a ^iven  ((uuutity  of 
liii!;ked  uiit.s  is  generally  lialf  tlieir  o'vii  iiiibrok('n 
weiglil. 
Ati  eiii ire  coconut  flividos  itself  into  three  nearly 
etjiial  parts.  1.  Jlusk.  II.  The  white  kernel. 
III.  The  l)rown  coating  of  the  white  kernel, 
the  .shell  and  the  tluid. 
The  number  of  nuts  which  go  to  make  a candy 
(otiO  lb.  )of  coj)perah  varies  from  800  to  2/)00, 
In  a given  quantity  of  good  old  copperah,  the  oil 
is  and  the  punak  In  bad  copi)erah,  they  are 
half  and  half. 
In  Europe  coconut  oil  is  priced  according  to  the 
proportion  of  stearine  and  oleine  of  which  it 
consists.  It  is  due  to  the  excess  of  these  ‘‘  fats 
that  Cochin  oil  fetches  higher  prices  than  Ceylon  oil. 
A pada  boat  carries  45  candies  of  copperah  at 
4 cents  per  candy  per  mile.  (From  Ne.gombo  to 
Colombo,  only  2 cents  per  candy  per  mile.) 
A cart  carries  5 candies  at  6 cents  per  candy  per 
mile  on  good  roads.  On  roadless  sand  it  carries 
only  two  candies.  And  the  toll,  if  there  is  one, 
has  to  be  paid  by  the  owner  of  the  copperah  in 
addition  to  the  t!  cents. 
-V  pada  boat  carries  18,000  husked  nuts  at  10 
cent.s  jier  1,000  per  mile, 
A cart  carries  1,500  husked  nuts  at  IS  cents  per 
1,000  per  mile  on  good  roads. 
To  hu.sk,  to  break  and  to  dry  a 1,000  nuts  cost 
K 1-2.5. 
To  hu.sk  only,  RO-625. 
The  drought  and  the  lightning  cause  much  los-s 
to  estate-  in  some  places,  and  do  not  in  others. 
The  annual  yield  of  a coconut  tree  varies  from  0 
to  900  nuts.* 
The  age  at  which  the  coconut  begins  to  bear 
varies  from  o to  00  years.  And  the  })eriod  it  lives 
varies  from  50  to  1 50  years. 
Some  trees  may  be  ])icked  50  times  a year,  and 
some  only  once  in  2 or  .‘I  j ears.* 
Picking  costs  from  I cent  to  1 cent  per  pick  per 
tree  according  to  its  height  and  the  thickness  of 
its  stems  and  the  number  of  its  bunches. 
Those  who  have  observed  these  vag.iries  of  the 
coconut  and  have  discovered  their  causes,  liave 
often  discovered  them  too  late  to  derive  much 
practical  benefit  to  themselves. 
Vuiiis  truly. 
Cocor’.u.Misr. 
(tENEIlAl.  H’KMS 
In  the  Madras  T’l  es'deney,  (51  ‘8  per  cent  of  the 
people  outside  of  the  Presiilency  town  are  agri- 
culturists, and  the  population  was  returned  at 
the  last  Census  as  34,3.36,196. 
The  A(/ricultiim/  Gazette  of  New  South  Wales 
publishes  the  following  remedies  for  locusts  attack- 
ing fruit  trees  Spraying  with  Paris  (freen,— 1 
lb."  to  160  gallons’of  ' water,  will  <lestroy  large 
number.s.  Poisoned  baits,  made  as  follows,  are 
also  verj'  effective  ; — Take  50  lb.  of  bran,  or  a 
mi.vture  of  bran  and  i)ollard,  mix  with  it 
thoroughly  1 lb.,  or  even  more  of  Paris  green, 
London  jiurplc,  or  white  arsenic.  When  tho- 
*  Astounding  ! 'I’hese  statements  upset  all 
hitherto  accepted  estimates.  M hat  have  our  well- 
known  authorities  on  ( 'oconutsto  sav  lo  them? — Ed. 
.1.  M. 
roughly  mixed  add  sweetened  water  (1  lb.  of  treace 
lo  1 gallon  of  water)  to  imike  the  whole  into 
;i  paste,  nhich  must  be  moist,  but  not  so  damp 
that  it  will  drop  off  a spoon.  <)t  (his  jioisoned 
bait  place  lumps  about  the  size  of  a ivalmit  round 
each  vine  or  tree,  and  also  i)lace  a numher  of  lumps 
on  ill.'  side  of  the  vineyard  or  orchard  from  which 
the  locusts  are  coming.  'I'liese  remeilies  will  Icill 
very  large  numbers,  lait  they  are  no  use  against 
a ]dague.  The  only  remedy  then  is  to  keep  the 
insects  moving  by  di-iving  tliem.  Everyone  in  a 
d'strict  should  unite  to  light  them. 
It  seems  (says  the  Lice  Stock  Journal)  as  if  the 
old  system  of  healing  sprains  of  the  hor.se’s  limbs 
is  doomed.  Fomeni  itions,  hot  or  cold,  and  the 
cruel  operation  of  iiring  are  giving  way  to  .suc- 
(re.ssfnl  treatment  by  dry  bandaging  and  massage. 
At  a recent  meeting  of  the  Iloyal  Counties  Veteri- 
nary Medical  Association,  51r.  William  Hunting, 
Pre.sident  of  the  Royal  College  of  Veterinar3' 
Surgeons,  said  when  sprains  occurred  he  had  the 
leg  wrapped  in  dry  cottou--wool  and  bound  in  a 
linen  luindage  with  as  much  ])res.sure  as  could 
reasonably  be  ]iut  on.  Orders  were  left  that  at 
night  an  ordinarv  flannel  bandage  should  be  sub- 
stituted for  the  linen  one.  'This  lie  recommended 
as  flannel  ^va^;  more  elastic  than  linen,  and  that 
sometimes  a bandage  might  be  put  on  too  tight, 
and  the  man  in  charge  might  notice  its  injurious 
elfects  in  da.vtime,  but  would  not  watch  it  at 
night.  He  also  recommended  gentle  walking 
exercise  daily,  the  horse  being  led  and  not  ridden, 
and  commencing  with  half-an-hour  daily.  The 
massage  should  be  performed  when  changing 
bandages,  by  hand-rubbiuL' in  the  direction  of  the 
hair.  The  more  the  swelling,  the  less  rapid  the 
repair  of  tissues.  He  believed  they  could  prevent 
the  increase  of  swelling  in  an  early  sprain  by  linn 
pressure,  jirovided  that  ])iessure  was  equalized  and 
thoroughly  distributed  by  the  use  of  cotton-wool 
under  the  handage.  The  advantage  of  dry  cotton- 
wool an  inch  and  a half  thick  was  that  it  absolutely 
equalized  the  pressure  throughout  the  whole 
bandage. 
Mr.  Hutchcon,  Colonial  Veterinary  .Surgeon  o 
the  Cape,  referring  to  the  retention  of  the  fmtal 
membranes  in  cow's,  says  : — There  are  a numbei- 
of  medicines  w'liich  are  extolled  as  eflective  in 
ex])elling  the  bctal  membranes  or  after-birth,  but 
1 have  not  much  faith  in  any  of  them.  'I’he  only 
s.atisfactory  umlhod  is  to  introduce  the  hand  into 
the  uterus,  and  extract  the  membranes  from  their 
iittachments.  Oil  the  right  hand  and  .arm  well, 
then  introduce  it  into  the  uterus  ; lay  hold  of  the 
protruding  portion  of  the  membranes  with  the  left 
hand,  and  as  you  .gradually  draw  up  the  mem- 
branes from  their  attachments  in  the  uterus  by 
the  right  hand,  you  pull  up  the’  slack  with  the 
left  hand.  The  membranes  are  generally  easily 
removed  iii  this  manner  by  the  third  day.  Another 
plan  is  to  inject  a two  per  cent. solution  of  carboIi<- 
.aciil  or  .Jcyes’  fniid,  or  pei-manganato  of  potash  into 
the  uterus,  this  not  only  UNsists  in  neutr.-ili.xing  (he 
septic  action  going  on,  but  the  ellbrt  which  (he 
COW'  makes  to  expel  this  Iluid,  a.ssist<  in  expelling 
the  betal  membranes  as  well.  Decoctions  of  ergot 
of  rye  and  savin  are  largely  u.sed,  .and  laurel 
berries  are  highly  recommended.  The  colonial 
remedy  is  .soot  and  vinegar.  I would  recommend 
powdered  ergot  of  rye  and  sa\  in,  of  each  half  an 
ounce,  infused  in  a (juart  of  water,  with  a laxative 
such  as  half  a pound  of  (llaubcr  salts  added. 
The  usual  cleansing  drinks  generally  contain 
Epsom  salts  mixed  with  condiments,  such  as  ginger, 
-‘•entian  fenugreek,  and  anise  seeds. 
